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Hannah HurnardA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The mist finally clears completely with the Shepherd’s departure, and to the shock of the three companions, the path leads off the edge of a cliff straight down into another valley, then ascends just as steeply on the other side. Much-Afraid feels this is the most difficult test that she has faced so far: “For one black, awful moment Much-Afraid really considered the possibility of following the Shepherd no longer, of turning back” (98). Staring out in “an abyss of horror, into an existence in which there was no Shepherd to follow or to trust or to love” (98), Much-Afraid begs the Shepherd not to allow her to turn back or to abandon her quest. The Shepherd appears and assures her that he will allow no such thing to happen, and she builds another altar, picking up yet another stone, and proceeds down the mountain into the valley.
Arriving at the foot of the mountains on the other side of the valley, Much-Afraid and her companions find the Shepherd waiting for them by what appears to be an automatic lift up the mountain. Taking seats upon the lift, they start up the mountain in pairs until reaching the top and arriving at the borderland of the Kingdom of Love. Awestruck by the beauty of the mountains and fields of flowers, Much-Afraid notices that the air is dominated by “the voice of a mighty waterfall, leaping down another great cliff which towered above them, and whose rushing waters sprang from the snows in the High Places themselves” (105). She discovers that these are the Falls of Love, which rush down from the High Places down into the valleys and low places to “give itself with no reserve” in an act of self-giving (107).
On the last day in that place, the Shepherd takes Much-Afraid by herself up to the peak of one of the High Places and is “transfigured before her” into his true form: “the King of Love himself, King of the whole Realm of Love” (109). Telling her to kneel, the Shepherd King removes a flaming coal from a nearby altar and touches Much-Afraid’s lips and tells her, “thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin is purged” (110). With this she faints and awakens at the foot of the mountain once again, seeing the Shepherd in his old form as she has come to know him. The Shephard states: “Dare to begin to be happy. […] I will give you your heart’s desire” (111).
Hiking up the mountains, Much-Afraid, Sorrow, and Suffering come upon another cabin in which they take their rest. In the middle of the night, the Shepherd tells Much-Afraid that she must take her heart’s desire up into the mountain, “to the place that I will show you,” and offer it there “as a Burnt Offering to me” (114). Not understanding but desiring to obey, Much-Afraid wakens her companions at dawn and sets out for the place that is yet to be revealed. Along the way her old enemies Fear, Bitterness, Resentment, Pride, and Self-Pity rush past them and warn them of an impending avalanche, and the three companions only just find a cave in which to hide as the storms and floods rush by. Struggling with fear and doubt in the darkness of the cave, Much-Afraid wonders if she should just get rid of all the stones she has collected: “Were they not all worthless promises which he gave me on the way here?” (116).
Once the storm passes, she sets out again. Growing weaker up the path, she struggles, only continuing thanks to Sorrow and Suffering, who seem “more vigorous and strong” the higher they go and the more difficult the path becomes (118). The next day they find a spring of water whose bitterness is only softened by throwing a branch into its midst, and on the third day of this trip they finally reach the place that was appointed by the Shepherd.
Much-Afraid and her companions had been led “to the edge of a yawning chasm” (120), shrouded in midst, with no way over or around. Sorrow and Suffering inform Much-Afraid that there is no choice but to jump into the darkness, to which Much-Afraid responds with uncharacteristic resolve: “‘Of course,’ said Much-Afraid at once. ‘I did not realize at first, but that is the thing to do’” (120). With the help of her companions, she braces herself and leaps off into the unknown, landing rather softly thanks to the help of her friends. Once at the bottom, she finds an altar with a shadowy figure behind it, and without being able to call on the Shepherd for help, she realizes that she must make her sacrifice on her own. As she is unable to rip the flower of natural love out of her own heart, the priest of the altar offers to do it for her.
Much-Afraid thankfully accepts his offer but tells him that she must be bound hand and foot to ensure the success of the act: “I am a very great coward. I am afraid that the pain may cause me to try to resist you” (122). Bound with rope and lying prone upon the altar, the priest is able to remove the flower and roots of human love from Much-Afraid’s heart, and “nothing but ashes remained, either of the love itself, which had been so deeply planted in her heart, or of the suffering and sorrow which had been her companions on that long, strange journey” (123).
Chapter 13 casts Much-Afraid into the greatest existential crisis she has yet faced. Coming out of the mists of the mountain, Much-Afraid and her companions come to the edge of a cliff that leads straight down into a valley, and only on the far side does it ascend again, much farther and much higher than they have currently endured, and “For one black, awful moment Much-Afraid really considered the possibility of following the Shepherd no longer, of turning back” (98). The confession of love met with the continued delay of gratification and fulfillment of the promise are enough to cast a pall over the soul so dark and so oppressing that they cause overwhelming doubt, throwing the whole venture into peril. Only a gasping plea prevents the party from abandoning the quest altogether; “You may ask anything—only don’t let me turn back. O my Lord, don’t let me leave you” (98). Responding with the words of Ruth, she begs not to be turned away and to be allowed to continue on, for as Much-Afraid reminds herself, “it is lovely to love him” (100).
Struggling to remain patient and content with her lot, Much-Afraid can’t help but wonder about what the future has in store for her, striving to keep her fearful nature at bay as something comes to mind that one of the Shepherd’s servants told her back in the Valley of Humiliation: “Love is beautiful, but it is also terrible—terrible in its determination to allow nothing blemished or unworthy to remain in the beloved” (103). Striving to keep these two realities together in her mind—that of the Shepherd’s love and of his desire to transform her even through sorrow and suffering—Much-Afraid trudges onwards.
As if in answer to her inner thoughts, the Shepherd shows her two great truths: the first in the great waterfall that rushes down from the heights to diffuse itself in all the lowest places, and the second in the person of himself. The latter event is Much-Afraid’s participation in the miracle on the mount of Transfiguration, allegorically transporting Much-Afraid into the events recorded in the New Testament gospels, where Christ reveals his divinity to the apostles in preparation and to prepare them for the suffering that is about to occur. Here, Much-Afraid is given a glimpse of the Shepherd’s true glory as the King of the Realm of Love in order to strengthen her against the trial that she is soon to undergo in the grave in the heart of the mountains.
The companions, having survived the earthquakes, storms, and floods of Chapter 15, are led “to the edge of a yawning chasm” (120), into which they must cast themselves, literally taking a leap of faith into the darkness. Much-Afraid realizes that she has cast herself into a kind of grave and that she must sacrifice her entire self upon the altar that she finds there, finding it necessary to ask the priest of the altar to bind her, place her upon the altar, and tear out the roots of natural love that have entwined themselves deep within her. The sacrifice of the soul’s whole self, of every desire of the heart and all that is purely from the self, is necessary to provide the space for the seed of True Love implanted by the Shepherd to grow and take its place. Bound hand and foot, placed upon the altar in the depths of the grave with a wound in her heart—all a clear allusion to the passion, death, and burial of Christ—Much-Afraid cries out, “It is finished” (123), and she falls asleep.