93 pages • 3 hours read
William BellA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
When Crabbe wakes up, his rescuer feeds him and asks him for his name and where he is from. He refuses to tell her, which she responds to by saying “you, too, eh?”, a puzzling remark he thinks about later (76). She explains to him that she's checking him for hypothermia. She has splinted his arm, which may be broken, and dressed a wound on his arm as well. She also tells him that he has several broken ribs.
He falls back asleep, and has a dream of a “great, blood-colored bird descending” on him but realizes it's just the top of the tent in which he is sleeping (78). Sleeping beside him is his rescuer, whose wilderness craft amazes him but who seems out of place because she has a face so beautiful that it would seem more at home “in a classy drawing room or on the screen” (79). He wakes the next morning to find her cooking over a fire, a “beautiful scene, peaceful, with no traffic honks and screeches, no mother screaming at you to get out of bed” (79) and notices that the campsite is virtually invisible.
His rescuer is shocked to discover that he can't read a map or use a compass, and she laughs at him when he recounts his experience with the bear. He accompanies her as she checks her fishing lines and admires how knowledgeable she seems about how to survive in the wilderness. She takes him back to look at the falls, where he almost died. He thanks her, but she says it was nothing because he would have done the same for her, a statement he's not sure is true.
Crabbe spends the next several weeks recuperating from his injuries and learning wilderness craft. His sense of Mary as a mystery woman deepens when she yells at him for accidentally opening a backpack of hers. She tells him not to touch the pack again. When he asks her why she's gathering so much food, she explains that she is saving up food for the winter, a fact that surprises Crabbe. Crabbe himself will eventually have to go home, she says, although she enjoys his company. The woman finally tells him her name, Mary Pallas, and he shares his name with her as well. Mary has been in the wilderness for a year and tells him how important it is that no one finds out where she is.
Crabbe eventually decides that he trusts Mary, so he opens up further by explaining why he ran away, a confession that ends with his tears. She tells him he is a very bitter person. He admits to Mary that he finds it difficult to live without drinking alcohol because of his anxiety and that he is “almost an alcoholic” (93), which makes him feel useless. She chides him by saying that feeling sorry for yourself is useless and that guilt is “just another form of escape” (92). Although this advice makes him angry, he accepts that what she says is true. Crabbe closes the chapter by recognizing that all his experiences up until that point have stripped away layers of the person he thought he was. He wonders who he will be “when the last layer [is] peeled off” (93).
Crabbe opens the chapter by observing that he is learning much more useful information from Mary than he learned in all his previous years of schooling. He also changes his attitude toward nature. Nature should be neither idealized nor viewed as monstrous because it is merely indifferent. That realization is a comforting one to him. He begins to take on Mary's attitude toward living in the natural world, which is that a person must exercise care so that he or she doesn’t hurt him- or herself; to survive, a person must work with the environment, instead of against it—a marked contrast to life in the city. Crabbe thinks back over his life in the city, where “nothing [he] did mattered (95)” because of the privileged life he led and sees that his survival in the bush is dependent on realizing that everything matters. He feels satisfaction in his increasing competence in the wilderness.
One of the useful things Mary teaches Crabbe is how to use a compass to navigate. She tests him on what she has taught him by leading him away from their campsite with his eyes blindfolded and then leaving him with just a compass and minor directions to lead him back to the campsite. He spends a night out thinking back on his loneliness in Toronto, symbolized for him by an image of “a teenager alone in his room staring into the TV screen, sipping on vodka, waiting for sleep” (100). He then recognizes that his loneliness was entirely his own fault. He completes his task the next morning and is proud until Mary explains that the trail she set for him was one designed to put him in reach of rescue if he messed up. She tells him he should still feel proud of himself. He accepts her perspective and regains his pride in what he has done.
Crabbe’s first month in the wilderness is difficult because he frequently misses drinking vodka. Although Mary tries to distract him, he isn't always able to master the irritability that comes with these cravings. One night, she decides to give him a small wooden pipe, in the hope that maybe he can replace the bad habit of drinking with smoking a pipe, which she thinks might be easier to quit later. Although Crabbe associates smoking a pipe with his father, who never seems to be able to keep his pipe lit, this pipe is a small, beautiful one covered in intricate carvings. Mary tells him that the pipe was handcrafted out of briar wood in China and that the yin-yang on the pipe is a symbol for the “unity of life and harmony of inner peace (105).
As she explains the significance of the carvings on the pipe, Crabbe realizes that Mary speaks like an educated person who is accustomed to talking to other people about important topics. The second thing he realizes, based on the way she handles and talks about the pipe, is that it must have belonged to someone who was very important to her. He is surprised and flattered that she would give him such an important thing. When she gives him some tobacco to smoke in the pipe he asks why she has so much of it, a question that causes her to shut down. Crabbe smokes the pipe when he craves alcohol and finds that it does soothe him.
As time goes by, Crabbe’s life with Mary settles into a rhythm. Crabbe gets in much better physical shape and gains more respect for himself. He also begins to think that he would be able to survive in the bush without Mary because of the things she has taught him. He observes that he has fewer and fewer cravings for alcohol. One of the things that puzzles him, however, is the contents of the backpack that Mary asked him not to touch. He realizes that he wants Mary to respect him and that he has fallen in love with her.
The most important development of this section is Crabbe’s relationship with Mary Pallas. Mary’s last name, gray eyes, competence, and knowledge contain echoes of Pallas Athena, the “gray-eyed goddess” who was associated with wisdom, handicrafts, and war in Greek culture. Mary is the first adult in the narrative with whom Crabbe has more than a facile relationship, and she serves as a foil to most of the adults in the novel because of her plain way of speaking, and the way that her words and actions seem to align. She serves as a mentor figure, and the development of their relationship illustrates the true meaning of education.
Crabbe’s description of her in “Journal: 10”characterizes her as self-sufficient since she can survive in the wilderness, even to the point of finding her own food, and her beautiful physical appearance seems to be symbolic of her inner person. Although her beauty, the kind that “belonged in a classy drawing room or on the screen” (79) is physically attractive to Crabbe (110), who places great importance on physical appearance, the relationship he establishes with her is one that eventually transcends notions of romantic love.
Crabbe finds Mary worthy of trust, and authoritative, based on her actions and knowledge, not based on her status as an older adult. She has saved Crabbe’s life as her first act in their relationship (81), which explains in part why Crabbe is willing to share his feelings with her. Her reaction to this sharing is not the usual one, something Crabbe recognizes in retrospect in “Journal: 1”: “It was a measure of her wisdom, a quality I got to know and rely on as time passed, that Mary never contradicted this statement [that his life is pointless, and he has no reason to return]. Most people would have started to hand out advice, piling up clichés like old newspapers. But she just said, ‘You're a very bitter man, Crabbe’” (91).Mary validates his emotions by listening and acknowledging him as an adult because of and not in spite of his sharing of his feelings. She also openly expresses her own emotions and helps Crabbe to see another adult as a person with her own interior life, as illustrated when she gets angry about his opening of her pack (87).
He also respects her because what she teaches is immediately applicable and relevant, something Crabbe has never encountered before in the context of education. Over the course of these chapters, Mary generously shares this knowledge with Crabbe, giving him just enough assistance and training for him to apply the knowledge himself, a point illustrated by the compass episode in “Journal: 12,” an event that allows Crabbe to have the epiphany that his loneliness in the city was his own fault (100-101).
Because of her willingness to serve as a guide figure, by “Journal: 14,”Crabbe has “grabbed a little self-respect out of those days” and transformed his body to one that is “strong,” with limbs that “felt light and supple” (109). This physical transformation and greater self-esteem are preceded by the gift of the briar pipe. The briar pipe, carved with a yin-yang, the Taoist symbol of balance and harmony, is a gift that allows Crabbe to self-soothe when confronted with a longing for alcohol (108); self-soothing is a hallmark of good mental health and maturity, and the pipe is the most important of the gifts Mary gives Crabbe.