51 pages • 1 hour read
E. L. DoctorowA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
When they next meet, Pem is irritated with Everett for speaking to his bishop. They talk of Pike, and Pem reveals the Pike lost a son and eventually died in the desert while seeking the historical Jesus. Pem is moved by Pike’s search and death and relates it to his own shaken faith. The next section details Louis Slotin’s death in an experiment on nuclear fission, which mirrors Pem and Everett’s conversation.
Everett writes a new version of Pem, this time as a young missionary in a jungle village. He is married to a young villager, but their relationship is not intimate sexually or emotionally, and the village gathers to rectify this problem. The woman takes off her clothes and begins a ceremonial dance. She removes Pem’s clothes and puts them on, mimicking his behavior, which puts them at ease with each other. They have sex as though possessed, and the story turns to Pem considering original sin before transitioning to the present day, where the elderly Father Pemberton receives letters from his onetime child bride, who has now become a missionary herself, tending to islanders who were sickened by an atomic test.
Everett contemplates the meaning of film versus fiction—he believes film de-literates thought, whereas fiction invites audiences into a discourse; to him, this means that literature isn’t linear in the way film is.
He receives an email from Pem, saying that Pike was wrong to seek the historical figure of Jesus; instead, God exists in the mess of the urban landscape. Pem announces that he’s decided to quit the church.
Another poem begins, this time from the point of view of the person who has been listening in the bar to Everett’s previous stories about his father and brother. The narrator is a Vietnam veteran in a wheelchair, reminiscent of the one protesting Pem’s ex father-in-law, and he spends his days in the bar drinking, with his days only broken up by whether or not the lonely woman at the end of the bar will take pity on him with intercourse.
He says that he isn’t sure that he can tell a story, because war cannot be understood with language. He describes images of purposeless violence against the people and the land coupled with the horrible atrocities that soldiers inflicted on themselves and each other. He says that it wasn’t war but “life as it is and was and always will be” (219). He then tells of the violin spider, a (possibly-invented) species that could wrap a man in its web within moments and kill them. He compares man to every other type of life, saying that humans have nothing to be proud of.
The novel returns to Everett and Pem as Pem explains how decertification from the church works. He is unsure of what his life will be like going forward, and he doesn’t know what to do with three decades of books and vestments. He also wonders what it will be like to no longer have a station that allows him to empathize with people professionally, such as when he goes to the cancer hospice. Going through his books, Pem finds Augustine’s City of God; he and Everett discuss its virtues, and Pem decides he will keep it along with his other books.
A final midrash of a jazz standard begins, this time of Frank Sinatra’s “The Song is You.” But after the lyrics are presented, the person conducting the midrash introduces Frank Sinatra himself, who is in the audience. Frank takes over and begins explicating the song as a “little plug for the trade” of songwriting before segueing into his childhood (224).
In his childhood, Frank’s mother rips his Bing Crosby picture down, and his father is a rough man who never learned to read. He turns to the streets of New Jersey, which are tough in their own way, especially for Frank, who sees himself as a wimpy kid.
He turns back to the song, explaining that the song’s “you” is his mother Franny, a nurse and mother to many in the neighborhood. Once, he saw a young woman undressing who was staying in their house before being interrupted by his mother. He implies that the song is about both of them and about the power that songwriting has over the listener.
Once a week, he and his group of teenage friends go to a Union City strip club, and Frank gets to understand a little bit about show business through those nights. In his own romantic life, he has bad luck, as women he dates think he’s got no future. He leaves most of his friends behind to go solo in his singing and listens to his heroes on an old radio. Eventually, he starts going to New York, first as an outsider sitting in the clubs trying to fit in, dreaming of being a singer while war and devastation happen around the world. He returns to the lyrics of the song, repeating the lyrics that he says are callow in relation to the gravity of the events happening around him.
The narrative shifts to the Ex-Times reporter who, after killing the S.S. officer, is feeling proud of himself. He starts dating a woman, and he starts planning his next move: confronting a Guatemalan death squad commander that now owns a mall restaurant in Queens. He travels out to the restaurant, where he sees the owner sitting at the bar. He returns two more times, surveilling the staff and owner, before two young men come sit at his table with him. They threaten him, and the owner comes over.
The ex-reporter declares himself an “avenging angel” and is restrained by the men (235). As they do, he spits in the Guatemalan man’s face; startled, the man falls backward and cracks his skull on the floor. The ex-reporter is released, and he learns the next day that the man died overnight.
Pemberton’s decision to leave the church mirrors Pike’s own, and it’s clear that his allegiance lies far more with the radical figure in his life than his own father. It’s also rooted in his disenchantment from institutional authority, and so perhaps the bishop is right—Pem really is stuck in the sixties mindset. He is settling into the idea that religious significance is rooted in the social fabric of the city, which coincides with his growing love for Sarah and her practice of radical interrogation of faith.
Augustine’s City of God is the namesake of Doctorow’s book, so its direct mention by the characters bears explication. The book, written in the 5th century AD, concerns the sack of Rome and its people’s belief that embracing Christianity was the cause. Augustine argued for a divine city that would be triumphant over the Devil; Pemberton’s own sense of faith becomes rooted in the divinity inherent in a city like New York. This new book both repudiates the text of City of God and offers up a modified version of its central idea. The conversation that Everett and Pemberton have is a winking nod to the novel’s title; it’s also a confirmation of an idea Pemberton brings up in their next conversation when he mentions that most philosophers end up affirming the doctrines in which they were brought up.
Everett’s writings in this section of the book are in conversation with earlier sections, but what were relatively grounded portraits of soldiers and his friend Pem have become heightened to the point of exploitation. The Vietnam veteran that responds to the “Author’s Bio” segments is a tragic figure, but the story he tells is cartoonish in its ugly mythologizing of jungle warfare. Similarly, the imagined Pemberton’s experience as a young man with a child bride as a rumination on original sin presents a version of the man’s life more in line with colonialist sexual fantasy. A generous reading of these passages would be to attribute these pieces to Everett working through ideas he doesn’t have access to, but it could also be read as Everett indulging in his worst genre impulses, much like he did in his initial construction of Pemberton as a hard-boiled detective.
The Frank Sinatra section provides a possible explanation, as Sinatra concludes his monologue by lamenting how shallow his work was in relation to the horror going on around him in the world. It also echoes thematically with the loss of innocence that takes place in the missionary section, as Sinatra talks at length about his experiences trying to make sense of women and sexuality. Of course, all this can also be read through the lens of Everett: he’s recently had an affair, he’s watching his two most important friendships blossom into love, and he feels as though he’s on the outside. Throughout City of God, thinking of a piece of the text as inspired by some feeling or idea of Everett’s helps position it in the overall narrative and understand how these pieces are in conversation with each other.
By E. L. Doctorow