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61 pages 2 hours read

Jodi Picoult

By Any Other Name

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2024

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Chapters 10-13Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary: “Emilia, 1592-1594”

Though Hunsdon promises that Emilia will be taken care of, he withdraws from her. Having a second family would shame his estranged wife, so he can no longer be seen with Emilia. She is left alone at his house while he meets with the queen at court. In London, she goes to visit Isabella and tell her what has happened. Though Isabella is sympathetic, she is also practical and tells Emilia that they cannot live together. She is a kept woman, her home is also a place of business and having Emilia’s child there would be difficult.

One day, Emilia returns from a walk to find that all her belongings are packed away. Bess, her maid, explains that she will go with Emilia. Emilia is devastated that Hunsdon did not say goodbye, and later finds that he tried to send a note explaining that he was delayed at court. The carriage takes them to her cousin’s home. She is angered to find that Jeronimo and Hunsdon have already arranged for her to be married to a distant relative of hers named Alphonso. He was paid £700, and she bitterly reflects that the price is slightly more than Hunsdon spent last year on some clothing.

She and Alphonso marry in a Christian wedding and then a secret Jewish ceremony in front of the community. She is angry and he is drunk. Afterward, he tries to rape her, but she fights him off. When he touches her pregnant belly, he loses his arousal and angrily leaves after beating her. Emilia vows that though he has legal rights to her body and might be able to beat or even kill her, he will not stop her writing.

The months pass unhappily. Alphonso drinks and avoids her, and Emilia is miserable. She receives word that Isabella has died of the plague and has left Emilia some jewelry, which she sells for money. Emilia prepares for childbirth, which in this era involves preparing for death. She goes to church and buys a winding sheet. She tries to write a letter to her unborn child but instead writes a poem that will become Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 29.” She also writes Southampton and manages to arrange a meeting.

In Paris Garden, Southampton tells her he has been frantic with worry. He thought that she had died of the plague since she disappeared. She tells him it is too late to fight against her fate since she is married, and that now she must think of her child.

Emilia gives birth with the help of Alma and a midwife. She expects to have a daughter but is surprised to have a healthy son, who she names Henry after Hunsdon and Southampton. When Alphonso comes home, she shows him the baby in hopes it might soften his attitude, but when he learns the child’s name, he beats her.

She meets Marlowe at his lodgings, and he is furious to see her beaten face and threatens to kill Alphonso. He tells her that he loves her like a sister and will do whatever he can to help her. Emilia says that she knows, and she has come because she needs to sell more writing for money. Marlowe helps her broker another deal with Shakespeare, and she sells him Venus and Adonis. She and Marlowe joke about how erotic the poem is and the fact that people may believe Shakespeare loves Southampton after reading it.

She meets again with Southampton, who tries to offer her money. Emilia refuses, her pride one of the few things she can still cling to. As time goes on, Emilia cannot get Marlowe to reply to her messages and is devastated to learn that he was killed in a tavern fight. She goes into mourning for him but comes to realize that Henry depends on her to survive. She arranges to meet Shakespeare and sells him The Rape of Lucrece, also dedicated to Southampton.

Emilia continues to work with Shakespeare, revising Titus Andronicus for him and writing The Taming of the Shrew. She wants badly to see it performed and convinces Alphonso to take her to a performance. At first, he enjoys himself, but during the play she catches the eye of Hunsdon, attending in the balcony with his wife. He smiles at her and Alphonso sees and drags her away. He beats her badly in the alley, telling her he will not be made a cuckold. She manages to drag herself to Southampton House, where she is turned away by a servant. Luckily, Southampton is coming home in his carriage and rescues her, bringing her to his hunting lodge.

When Emilia returns home, she is relieved to find that Alphonso never came back. He abandoned his musician post, angering Jeronimo, and left to fight in the war in hopes of being knighted. In the summer of 1594, Emilia lives as mistress of her household, far from Alphonso and left to her own devices. She meets Southampton frequently and lets him see Henry. She also writes Romeo and Juliet, inspired by her own love.

However, at the summer’s end, she gathers herbs and aborts her pregnancy. She knows that Southampton is the father, and she has no way to fool Alphonso about the paternity. She grieves the loss but understands that this is how things must be.

Chapter 11 Summary: “Melina, September 2024”

Andre does not return home, so Melina is forced to attend rehearsal with their fight still unresolved. At the theatre, she and Jasper talk about Emilia’s book of poetry, but she receives several phone calls from her father’s number. When she answers, Beth tells her that Melina’s father has had a heart attack. Jasper offers to drive her to Connecticut.

At the hospital, she meets Beth, who seems to love her father deeply. Her father survives the surgery, and she is allowed to see him while he sleeps. She wishes that she had spent more time with him and realizes how much she loves him. When he awakens, the two promise to spend more time together. He tells her about Beth, and she says that she is glad he is happy again.

Melina returns in time to see the end of the dress rehearsal. She is furious when she realizes that Andre has changed the ending. Instead of saying that a writer’s words outlive their name, Emilia says that both matter: “Why must it be one or the other? Why not both?” (305). She and Andre continue their fight after rehearsal, and he tells her that he quits.

Jasper finds Melina crying and takes her home. She confesses the truth to him: She is Mel Green, and she wrote the play. She also reminds him about what happened at Bard. He tells her that he can’t imagine not recognizing her, and the two kiss. They make love, and Jasper in turn confesses that he is neurodivergent and struggles to read social cues.

The next morning, Jasper offers to write a column explaining who Mel Green is and talking about gender bias in theatre. He thinks that this will force Tyce and Raffe’s hand and that the play will continue.

In the script of By Any Other Name, Alphonso beats Emilia and accuses her of having an affair with Shakespeare.

Chapter 12 Summary: “Emilia, 1596-1604”

Emilia is in the gardens with Henry, Bess, and Southampton. He quietly tells her that Hunsdon has died, and she is grieved. She thinks of all the kindness he showed her. She also worries about her doomed love for Southampton. When they return home that evening, Alphonso is waiting. Once again, the household lives in terror of his moods.

Emilia tells Southampton she cannot meet him because of the danger, but she continues to meet Shakespeare because she needs the money. She writes and sells The Merchant of Venice. Eventually, she meets with Southampton who tells her he will give her and Henry a house. She tells him it is impossible, and he agrees that her marriage cannot be undone, but he still loves her.

When she returns home, Alphonso confronts her. She has been lying and saying that she was giving lute lessons, but she did not have an instrument with her. He has found letters from Shakespeare, pretending to be a glover, and assumes he is her lover. He beats her, causing her to lose a pregnancy, and tells her that if he thinks she has been unfaithful again, he will kill Henry. Reluctantly, she writes Southampton, telling him, “[A] sad tale’s best for winter” (365), and that she cannot see him again.

Emilia becomes deeply depressed, only going through the motions of her life. Alphonso leaves again to go on an expedition, and Alma asks Emilia what she wants and what would make her happy. She decides that she wants another child. She visits an astrologer, Simon Forman, who helped Alma’s relative conceive. However, Emilia finds him a disappointment. He criticizes her for being a wealthy man’s mistress and tries to proposition her for sex. She throws him out of her home and decides to take matters into her own hands.

When Alphonso returns, she greets him sweetly and, while he is bathing and vulnerable, holds a knife to his genitals. She tells him that if he ever touches her or Henry, she will kill him. She begins sleeping in Henry’s room, and Alphonso leaves her alone. One night, she drugs her husband and has sex with him, hoping to conceive a daughter.

In 1598, a pregnant Emilia is walking to market when she sees Southampton. He leads her to an alleyway and explains that he came to see her, to tell her that he is married. He took her advice and tried to live as if they could never be together. He was seeing one of the queen’s ladies, Elizabeth, who became pregnant, so they married without royal permission. Knowing that the queen will be angry, he is leaving for France. He tries to return her portrait, but she tells him to keep it.

In December, Emilia gives birth to a daughter, Odyllia, who only lives a few days. In mourning, she begins to write a sonnet. Only knowing that Henry needs her keeps her alive. One day, Shakespeare finds her and asks her for a new play. In turn, knowing his son Hamnet died, she asks him if the grief ever abates. He tells her it doesn’t and asks her to write a play about grief. She composes Hamlet, paying tribute to both their children with the names Hamlet and Ophelia, and gives it to him.

Time passes. Southampton is arrested in Essex’s plot against the queen but is freed when she dies. Emilia writes Othello and Measure for Measure. One night, she awakens to see the supernova Tycho Brahe told her about long ago.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Melina, September 2024”

The morning after, Melina awakens in Jasper’s apartment. They share breakfast and talk about their childhoods, and she takes a shower. She is simultaneously afraid that she has blown her entire life up and elated at being with Jasper. He tells her that the paper will publish his column on By Any Other Name, and then they will talk to Raffe and Tyce. In the meantime, he wants to show her something.

He takes her to the library, where they can view Shakespeare’s First Folio. As they look at it, Melina explains the clues that scholars believe lead to a confession that Shakespeare didn’t write the plays. For example, he has no right—write— arm in the picture. Jasper asks her if she thinks Emilia wrote all the plays, and she says no. She thinks that Oxford, Jonson, and others were part of a stable of writers who wrote them under Shakespeare’s name. After they leave, she kisses him and tells him she’s never had a suitor seduce her with a historical text before.

Back at Jasper’s apartment, the stage manager texts them saying that one of the actors has tested positive for Covid and that the production will be on hold. Melina is relieved at the delay and plans to go back and patch things up with Andre. Jasper heads into the Times office to meet with his editor.

On his train, Jasper gets a series of texts from his editor saying that he wants to talk about the column and asking if it’s ready to go. Jasper texts back that he should publish it, but when the train arrives, he realizes that several texts are missing from the conversation. His editor has rewritten the column to make Melina a villain, a white woman who used a Black man to publish her work. When he arrives at the office, he asks the editors to take it down, but they refuse since it is already attracting attention.

In the subway station, Melina reads the column and feels numb. She is shocked at Jasper’s betrayal, but also reluctantly recognizes that there is some truth in his column. She feels guilty for worrying about her advancement over Andre’s. At the apartment, she apologizes to Andre and the two reconcile.

Jasper is desperate to win Melina back. She is not answering his calls, so he meets with Tyce instead and tries to convince him to produce the play. Tyce declines but says he could produce something by Andre instead. Jasper hopes that Melina will see it as a peace offering.

Months pass. Melina gets a babysitting job. Andre persuades her to meet with some producers, but they turn out to be making a show about “reverse racism.” Melina walks away, uninterested in talking about her cancellation.

Andre tells her that Tyce wants to read his play and asks if she would hate him. She tells him to go for it, and he explains that he met with Tyce and Jasper, who want to speak with her. Jasper appears, and she realizes that Andre set up a meeting between the two of them. Jasper tries to apologize, but Melina tells him that she doesn’t want to see him again. He leaves and as she cries, Andre helps her block Jasper’s number.

Chapters 10-13 Analysis

This section highlights the vulnerability of women in Elizabethan England. Up until this point, Emilia has enjoyed a relatively sheltered life as the beloved mistress of a powerful man. However, her pregnancy is disruptive to the social order—Hunsdon sees it as disgracing his wife and cannot keep Emilia any longer. Despite his previous kindness, her pregnancy also reveals the limits of Hunsdon’s care for Emilia. He sees to it that she is married but then washes his hands of her. When Alphonso admits that he was paid £700, Emilia thinks that this “was slightly more than what the Lord Chamberlain had paid last year for a handful of doublets and three cloaks” and that “at least now she knew what she was worth” (242). Connecting to the novel’s theme of The Struggle for Female Autonomy, this incident reveals that Emilia is ultimately a second-class citizen. Hunsdon treated her well as a “decorative object” in his home, but now that she is of no use to him, there is no place for her.

Alphonso’s cruelty also underscores the plight of women in Emilia’s time. Beating one’s wife is legal, and divorce as it is now known does not exist, so there is nowhere for her to turn. For Emilia, the only kind of escape possible is through her writing and the power of her voice. After Alphonso beats her for the first time, she goes through her belongings “until she held her most prized possession: the printed copy of Arden of Faversham” (246). She thinks, “Alphonso could lock her up, he could beat her, he could squeeze the air from her throat, he could even kill Emilia—but there was one thing he would not be able to do. Silence her” (246). Her voice through the written word is the only outlet and the only power left for Emilia in this situation.

This section incorporates two of Shakespeare’s famous sonnets: “Sonnet 29” and “Sonnet 18.” “Sonnet 29” is written by Emilia as a mother’s legacy to her unborn child. As a custom of this era, women “wrote letters to their unborn children with messages of love and advice for the future. In the common event that the woman herself did not survive the birth, her child would still have something of her voice” (252). Emilia goes on to note that these letters are destroyed to avoid bad luck if the mother survives. By using one of Shakespeare’s famous sonnets here, Picoult emphasizes Emilia’s resilience as well as her resistance to the destruction of her work. Though The Invisibility of Women’s Work is a major theme of the novel, Emilia doesn’t destroy this sonnet as was usually done.

Emilia composes “Sonnet 18” when her daughter, Odyllia, dies. This sonnet, one of Shakespeare’s most well-known, is usually read as a love poem and begins: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate” (Shakespeare, William. “Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” The Poetry Foundation). By contextualizing it as being written by a grieving mother after a child’s death, Picoult inverts the usual interpretation of the poem. The fact that the poem fits seamlessly into the novel also further probes how the poem should be interpreted. If the prevailing reading about this poem could be wrong, it is possible that people could have been wrong about others, implying that they could have been written by a woman all along. This highlights the novel’s central claim about authorship.

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