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18 pages 36 minutes read

Naomi Shihab Nye

Burning the Old Year

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1995

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Symbols & Motifs

The Fire

The symbol of fire in “Burning the Old Year” has various interpretations, from the literal to the metaphorical. In the first stanza of the poem, Nye depicts the burning of different papers, notes, and letters as she passes into the new year. Fire, here in its concrete form, burns and destroys trivial articles Nye has collected during the past year. She is burning them as a means of physically destroying them, as well metaphorically “burning” the memories associated with them.

In the second stanza, Nye writes, “So much of any year is flammable” (Line 6), describing how memories of the smaller, more mundane aspects of life are easily forgotten and lost, destroyed in the “fire.” Nye uses the metaphor “Orange swirling flame of days” (Line 8) to aid in this concept of lost time. The reader could interpret this destruction of items—and their associated memories—as both a conscious and subconscious act. Perhaps she is burning them because she does not want the memories of the people and events associated with them, but she could also be burning them because she does not remember the significance of when they were written and is simply getting rid of the clutter.

In the final stanza of the poem, Nye writes, “Only the things I didn’t do / crackle after the blazing dies” (Lines 14-15). Once a fire has finished eating all its fuel, the remnants are left to burn hot and crackle for hours. In this way, the crackle of the fire after the blazing ceases symbolizes regret for what was left undone in the past.

The Stone

The symbol of a stone comes at the end of stanza 3, when Nye writes, “So much of any year is flammable […] so little is a stone” (Lines 6, 9). She burns letters, notes, lists, and partial poems: These describe the flammable aspects of her past year. “So little is a stone” (Line 9) relates to the unburned, unforgotten, and possibly more tangible parts of the year. Though she does not describe any specific “stones,” the reader can interpret these as major life events such as births, deaths, celebrations, or losses. A fire is not capable of destroying stones; therefore, the stones are representative of the parts and memories of the past year that the speaker will carry into the new one.

The Flammable

Nye describes the letters, notes, lists, and poems she is burning as “flammable” (Line 6), meaning these articles are easily or readily able to be burned and destroyed. Letters signify correspondence between friends, family, and loved ones. Oftentimes, many people will choose to keep these letters as mementos of the past. Nye is choosing to burn them, which can be interpreted as a decided and sure destruction. Perhaps the letters are from a lost love or friendship, or an estranged family member. These letters could also be interpreted as meaningless correspondence between relations—letters describing the minor aspects of one another’s lives, not worth keeping. Again, it is also possible that this is a symbolic cleansing indicative of what many people undergo at the turn of the new year. Perhaps the speaker has made all the use she can of the items and simply seeks to abolish that which is contributing to the physical clutter of her living space. The broad audience could relate to this sort of “resolution,” as many people decide to “clean up” their lives at the turn of the new year.

The notes, lists, and unfinished poems are correspondence solely to the self and are meant to keep oneself on track, or to simply express a hurried but incomplete burst of poetic creation. These items are likely meaningless outside the time when they are written and as such, Nye chooses to burn them. Summarily, the reader can see how the flammable aspects of life signify inconsequential parts lost to the passage of time. The flammable represents what ends each year as people move into the next—not just the concrete letters and lists themselves, but the memories associated with them.

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