41 pages • 1 hour read
Gary PaulsenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
When Brian finds the dog, he discovers that she fills a need for companionship in his life that he didn’t know he had. Paulsen highlights how quickly Brian and the dog form a bond, and the way Brian comes to rely on the dog in just a few days’ time. Through Brian’s relationship with the dog, Paulsen illustrates the basic human need for companionship that Brian is forced to confront for the first time. While Brian has learned that the woods are his home and where he belongs, he hasn’t learned that he needs a friend to be truly fulfilled and happy..
The dog’s presence also demonstrates the possibility of connection between humans and animals. While Brian has talked to animals in the past, he feels that the dog understands him in a way other animals—fish, wolves, deer, etc.—could not. Paulsen shows that a dog’s companionship is unique from other types of animals, suggesting that humans can form closer connections with some animal types more than others. Paulsen stresses that the dog is a domesticated breed, which has been purpose-made for human companionship. Human intervention in the life of animals like the dog stresses the need for human-animal companionship as a basic need throughout human history.
The motif of companionship helps Paulsen explore the theme of Respect for Nature. When Brian first finds the dog, he helps her by treating her injuries and feeding her. Brian’s treatment of the dog shows his respect for living things. His care and concern for the dog builds the bond between them, and the dog later saves Brian’s life when she defends him against the bear. Paulsen shows that by doing the right thing and caring for the dog, Brian builds a sense of companionship that is not only emotionally fulfilling, but also physically essential to him. Brian requires the dog’s aid to defeat the bear, reflecting his humble attitude towards nature. Brian is not able to survive within nature without the help of animal companionship.
The dog and the bear act as contrasting symbols of the opposing sides of nature. Nature can be enjoyable, beautiful and beneficial, but it can also be dangerous, deadly, and untamable. The dog represents the former characteristics of nature. She is warm, friendly, welcoming, and helpful towards Brian. She warns him of nearby danger, helps him track the bear, defends him during the bear attack, and offers companionship. In contrast, the bear represents the harsh side of nature. It is cruel, attacks without provocation, and seems to kill for sport rather than for survival. The bear showcases nature’s immense power and unpredictability. The bear and the dog work in tandem to complicate the theme of Respect for Nature. The relationship between the bear and the dog makes them foils to one another, characters who represent opposing and opposite ideals about the world. While society often portrays humans as superior to nature, Paulsen argues that humans are at nature’s mercy more than they tend to realize.
Each time Brian kills an animal, he thanks it for its life. Brian recognizes that he cannot survive without the death of other living things, and he is grateful to each animal that sustains him. The gratitude motif demonstrates Brian’s maturity, humility, and Respect for Nature. Brian also expresses gratitude by choosing not to waste any part of the animals he kills. Since he recognizes the gravity of taking an animal’s life, he seeks prey according to what he knows he can consume before it spoils. At several points in the novel, Brian chooses not to take an easy shot at a moose because he knows some of the meat would spoil before he could eat it. Brian would rather put in extra work and time to find smaller game than waste a portion of his kill. Brian’s no-waste mindset highlights his appreciation of animals and thankfulness for the sustenance they provide. Paulsen’s vivid descriptions of Brian’s hunting practices invite consideration on the ethics of modern-day game hunting as well as animal farming practices, which tend to be less respectful to animals than Brian’s approach.
By Gary Paulsen