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46 pages 1 hour read

Anzia Yezierska

Bread Givers

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1925

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Book 1, Chapters 6-9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 1: “Hester Street”

Book 1, Chapter 6 Summary: “The Burden Bearer Changes Her Burden”

Sara gets a job and brings all her earnings home to Reb Smolinsky. Reb Smolinsky and Shenah fight because Reb Smolinsky gives their money away to societies and charities. Many people come to Reb Smolinsky for his matchmaking advice. After Zalmon the fish-peddler’s wife dies, he asks for Reb Smolinsky to find him a young wife to mother his six children. Reb Smolinsky tells Shenah that he wants Bessie to marry Zalmon. Zalmon agrees to the match, but Bessie tells Reb Smolinsky that she does not want to marry him.

The next day, Reb Smolinsky buys Bessie a new dress to wear when Zalmon visits. Zalmon arrives, and Shenah and Reb Smolinsky make Bessie put on her new dress. Bessie refuses to speak, and eventually, Zalmon leaves. Bessie tells Sara that she feels trapped because her only options marrying Zalmon and staying with Reb Smolinsky. Zalmon visits again with his youngest son Benny. Bessie is drawn to Benny and takes care of him. A few days later, Bessie and Sara pass Zalmon’s house and learn that Benny is sick. Bessie and Sara find Benny in bed with a fever, Bessie sends for a doctor. When Zalmon gets home, he tells the doctor that Bessie will take care of his children soon, and Bessie does not contradict him. Later, Bessie agrees to marry Zalmon.

Book 1, Chapter 7 Summary: “Father Becomes a Business Man In America”

Zalmon pays Reb Smolinsky five hundred dollars for the matchmaking. Shenah tells Reb Smolinsky that he should think about becoming a rabbi, but he does not want to earn money with his religion. Reb Smolinsky finds an advertisement for a grocery store in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Since the store owner is returning to Europe, he is selling his grocery store for four hundred dollars. Reb Smolinsky decides to travel to New Jersey to buy the store. Shenah makes him promise that he will not buy the store before she sees it.

Later, Sara and Shenah go to the store and see that it is busy. After the store closes, Shenah asks the owner if she can take stock of the store, but the man tells her that Reb Smolinsky already bought the store earlier. The owner gives the key to Reb Smolinsky and leaves. Smolinsky tells Shenah that he had to make a fast decision because another man was trying to buy it when he got there. Sara accidentally knocks over a row of oatmeal boxes. Reb Smolinsky and Shenah help her clean it up and see that the boxes behind the first box are all empty. Shenah realizes that the owner of the store is only selling things out of the first row of boxes, and everything behind the row is empty or filled with sawdust. They realize that the prices in the window are too low to make a profit, which is why the store was so busy when they arrived. Shenah wants to find the man who swindled them, but Reb Smolinsky did not ask for his name. They change the prices on the window back to the original price.

The next day, the other man who wanted to buy the store comes in. Reb Smolinsky tries to sell him the store, but the man explains that the previous grocery store owner paid him to pretend to buy the store. After he leaves, Shenah yells at Reb Smolinsky for not waiting for her before he bought the store. Reb Smolinsky and Shenah argue because Reb Smolinsky thinks Shenah should have more faith in God, and Shenah can only think about the money they lost.

Book 1, Chapter 8 Summary: “The Hard Heart”

The Smolinskys move into the back of the store. Shenah works hard to restock so they have some goods to sell. Sara hates the town because the people are more hardened than their neighbors on Hester Street. Sara becomes bitter and tells Shenah that she should never have married Reb Smolinsky because he lives off his wife and children. Reb Smolinsky comes into the store and chases away one of their only customers because he criticizes what the man wants to buy.

Sara gets in a fight with Reb Smolinsky because she sold a pound of rice for ten cents instead of twelve cents because a woman did not have the money. Reb Smolinsky insults her, and Sara realizes that he has been bullying her for years and decides to leave. She grabs her things and tells Reb Smolinsky that she is going back to New York to live with Bessie or Mashah. Reb Smolinsky tells her that she cannot live alone in the world as a seventeen-year-old girl because she needs a father or husband to look after her. Sara tells him that she is an American now and that she will not let him ruin her life like he did her sisters’ lives. Reb Smolinsky slaps Sara and she leaves the store.

Book 1, Chapter 9 Summary: “Bread Givers”

Sara takes the train to New York. She arrives at Zalmon’s fish store before it closes and sees Zalmon and Bessie surrounded by haggling customers. Sara goes to the back of the store where Bessie’s six stepchildren are sleeping, and she dozes off at the table. Zalmon wakes her up later, and Sara explains to them that she left Reb Smolinsky. Zalmon tells her that she must go home in the morning. In the middle of the night, Bessie tells Sara that she is brave to get away from Reb Smolinsky and recommends that she go to Mashah’s house.

At Mashah’s house, she finds Mashah pleading with the milkman. The milkman refuses to give her milk because she has not paid for the last few weeks. Mashah begs for him to have compassion for her children, but the milkman leaves. Mashah tells Sara that Moe uses his money on suits and does not leave money for his family. Sara offers to work and give them money if they let her live with them, and Mashah brightens at the thought. Mashah makes dinner, and they wait for Moe to come home, but he does not return until later. When Mashah asks him where he was, he tells her that he went to a restaurant for dinner because he doesn’t want to come home to a woman who has lost her beauty. Sara sees how this insult hurts Mashah, and she tells Moe that if he were her husband, she would kill him for speaking to her that way. Sara tells him that it is his fault Mashah lost her beauty because he wore her out with his spending and his lack of care. Moe kicks Sara out of the home.

Book 1, Chapters 6-9 Analysis

Bessie’s marriage highlights that The Threat of Patriarchal Control is present even in marriages to honest husbands. Although Reb Smolinsky finds a kinder man for Bessie’s marriage, Bessie goes from one difficult life to another. Bessie knows that her marriage means that she will work harder than any of her sisters because she must take care of six stepchildren. However, Bessie softens when she meets her future stepson Benny because she realizes that she can help him, exemplifying her character’s commitment to serving others. Reb Smolinsky and Shenah call Bessie the “burden-bearer” because she gives all her earnings to her parents and does not save a penny for herself. Bessie grows bitter as she realizes that her parents are exploiting her. Her bitterness grows after even her mother pushes Bessie to marry Zalmon for the money he will give her father. However, Bessie’s opinions on the marriage do not matter to Reb Smolinsky because he believes that his daughter should obey him in everything. Although Zalmon is an honest man, and Bessie finds meaning in caring for Benny, she still experiences marriage as an exploitative, controlling system.

Reb Smolinsky’s inability to support his family further illustrates The Threat of Patriarchal Control. After Bessie’s marriage, a grocery store owner swindles Reb Smolinsky out of four hundred dollars. Even though Shenah made Reb Smolinsky promise her that he would not decide without her, Reb Smolinsky assumes that he knows better than her. Reb Smolinsky’s misogyny has very real financial consequences, nearly ruining the family. In spite of the harm caused by his decision, he refuses to apologize or take responsibility for his actions, further revealing his disrespect for women, even his own wife. Just as Reb Smolinsky refused to acknowledge that Fania and Mashah may have had better judgment than him when it came to marriage, he does not concede that Shenah’s instinct to check the product in the store before buying it would have saved them from financial ruin. Instead, Reb Smolinsky shames Shenah for her anger over losing the money, telling her that she should have more faith in God. This is one of the first instances where Sara realizes how Reb Smolinsky uses his faith as leverage over his wife. This realization is a catalyst that leads to Sara eventually leaving her parents. Sara’s decision to leave marks the first major narrative shift toward her independence from patriarchal control and her search for meaning in her life.

After Sara leaves her parents and visits her sisters, she realizes how Traditional Values Versus Modern Aspirations will influence her life decisions. Even though it has only been a few years, Sara sees how patriarchal pressures and poverty have altered her sisters’ appearances and emotions. Now that Mashah and Bessie have children to care for, they appear worn down by the patriarchal pressure of their husbands. Sara realizes how much the same pressures affect Shenah in ways that she does not notice. However, seeing the way that her sister’s husbands treat them makes Sara realize how she does not want to marry a man who controls her. Instead, Sara dreams of marrying a man who will allow her to be an individual and treat her as his equal. Sara’s imaginings show how American society affects Sara in differently than her family. While her mother and sisters submit to tradition and patriarchal control, Sara believes in equality and individualism. Although Sara respects her family, she realizes that her life will be different from theirs. This section reveals how Sara individuates herself from her sisters by using her voice to stand up to powerful men. Sara stands up to Reb Smolinsky and Moe, because of the way they treat her and the other important women in their lives. Sara refuses to let men abuse her, choosing to be alone rather than pretend to respect their oppressive ideas.

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