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46 pages 1 hour read

Jean Van Leeuwen

Bound For Oregon

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1994

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Chapters 5-8Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5 Summary

The Todd family gathers their things and prepares to continue their journey out of Independence. They join their wagon train and head out on the trail. As they travel, Mary Ellen notices that the sky and plains look bigger. She also realizes how different it is to travel with the wagon train compared to traveling alone. The wagons kick up dust, and they have to move more slowly. However, Mary Ellen is glad they have company. There are children to run and play with and at night, the families sing, talk, and dance. One night, the children run around in the dark and catch fireflies near the campfires.

The wagon train reaches the Wakarusa River, which is their “first real obstacle” since leaving Independence (48). For several days, the families camp on the riverbank and work together to build a makeshift bridge to cross the river. Just before crossing, another wagon train appears and tries to cut them off and use the bridge first. Father calls for everyone to get in their wagons. He then leads the wagon train onto the bridge and stands up to the other travelers. Mary Ellen is surprised to see how aggressive Father is as he’s usually calm and kind. Their wagon train makes it across and everyone rejoices.

Chapter 6 Summary

Six days later, Father tells the family they have made it 400 miles but still have 2,000 miles to go before reaching Oregon. Then, it rains for three days and the wagon train must wait before moving on. Mary Ellen feels restless spending so much time in the wagon but tries to make up games with John and her sisters to keep busy. One night, John makes them popcorn in the Dutch oven while another traveler plays his fiddle in a nearby wagon.

When the rain passes, four families in the train turn back towards home. The Todds continue west with the rest of the train. However, they have to wait again when they reach the Kaw River because it’s too muddy to cross. They camp on the riverbank with several other families and the travelers share stories of discouragement and fear. Many people are turning around because they regret leaving home and the trek is too difficult. Mary Ellen studies Father’s face during these talks and realizes he has no plans of returning to Arkansas.

The muds dry up and the Todds and three other families continue on. Mary Ellen misses the rest of the train. When they cross the river, the water is too deep for the cattle, and the Todds’ heifer Daisy floats away. The Todds make it across and their wagon is undamaged. However, Mary Ellen cries over Daisy that night. Father comforts the family, reads Bible verses, and reminds them how grateful they should be that no one in their party got lost in the crossing. Mary Ellen knows Father is right but continues crying for Daisy and everything else she’s lost, too.

Chapter 7 Summary

The Todds and their fellow travelers cross into Nebraska. One night, Father, Mr. Tedrose, and Mr. Grant discuss the rest of the journey. Sarah Jane Tedrose tells Mary Ellen about their life back home in Kentucky. They owned a plantation but left because her sister was sick and the doctors thought that the western air would improve her health. This is the first time her parents have done any work because their plantation was run by enslaved people. Mary Ellen doesn’t understand all of this but enjoys Sarah Jane’s company throughout the following days and weeks. They often walk and run alongside the wagon. One day, they spot a group of Indigenous Americans riding towards them on their horses while they’re walking. Mary Ellen is terrified, but Father reassures her. He and the men talk to the Indigenous peoples and they explain they mean no harm to the pioneers. He also tells Mary Ellen that the Indigenous Americans have had their land invaded and stolen and have a right to be angry. Mary Ellen tries to understand this point of view but still feels scared.

Another day, Mary Ellen and Sarah Jane take a turn riding John and David’s horses behind the wagons. Mary Ellen is terrified when another group of Indigenous Americans rides up alongside them. When Father notices the men, the other riders race away, laughing. Back at the wagon, Mary Ellen bursts into tears. Mother and Father assure her that she was very brave.

Chapter 8 Summary

In the next weeks, Mary Ellen starts to feel bad for their cattle, Buck and Ben. They’ve taken a faster pace, and the cattle are tired. Then one day, Rover collapses from fatigue, too. Mother doesn’t want him riding in the wagon, so John carries him on his horse. The days continue to pass, and the prairies open up. Eventually, they reach the Platte, which seems “impossible to cross” to Mary Ellen (75). One day, they stop at Grand Island and a local family gives Father a newspaper. After reading it, he tells the group that Abraham Lincoln is attracting national attention, and the country is talking about the problem of slavery. Lincoln is married to Father’s cousin. Father’s remarks inspire Mr. Tedrose to voice his negative opinions of Black Americans. Father and Mr. Grant disagree and remind him that they live in a free country and every person is equal. Mary Ellen and Sarah Jane argue about the issue, too.

The group sets their political disagreements aside to plan the rest of their trip. They’re worried about their animals’ health, and some men think they should take one route while others think they should take another. Finally, the Tedroses decide to split from the group. Mary Ellen is sad to say goodbye to Sarah Jane. That night, she lies awake thinking about Arkansas, her friends, home, and her grandmother. She’s surprised to discover that she can’t remember them as well as she expected to. She wraps Grandma’s quilt around her to feel better.

Chapters 5-8 Analysis

The longer that the Todd family is on the Oregon Trail, the more physical and emotional challenges they face. Their time in Independence in Chapter 4 offered them a brief rest from their difficult journey, but they set back out on the trail at the start of Chapter 5. Their departure from Independence therefore inspires a new series of conflicts for the family, highlighting The Challenges of Migration. In particular, the family has joined a wagon train, which introduces new variables for the primary characters. The main complications of traveling with the group include all the dust “raised by so many feet and turning wheels” (45), the slower pace the wagon train is forced to take, and the communication struggles between the families. On the one hand, the wagon train does offer the Todd family a sense of community, companionship, and comfort. On the other hand, the wagon train introduces new interpersonal dynamics that the Todds have not had to face in the past. During their first weeks on the trail, Father was able to make all of the decisions about the route and pace they should take and the measures they should take to stay safe. Once they are part of a group, Father has to compromise his opinions and beliefs for the good of the collective.

As the family continues their trek towards Oregon, the land, weather, and wild western environment also challenge the characters’ states of mind. They must cross rivers and plains. They have to wait out significant storms and muds. For some families, these environmental challenges prove to be too great. Some families are too overwhelmed by “the dangers and hardships that [lie] ahead” and decide to turn back home (55). The Challenges of Migration therefore also influence how the pioneer families feel mentally and emotionally. The Todd family stands apart from the others in that they do not give up on their original goal. This is because Father is driven by The Pioneer Experience and Spirit and is convinced that he can make a better life for his family in Oregon. Amidst another discussion about the upcoming trip in Chapter 6, Mary Ellen notices that the “line of [Father’s] jaw [is] sharper, firmer. And a determined light burn[s] in those steady-blue-gray eyes” (57). The changes that Mary Ellen notices in her father’s appearance, demeanor, and behavior help her to understand that “he [will] not turn back” (57). The journey has indeed begun to change Abbott Todd. He is still a gentle, gracious, and steady character. However, his soft edges are beginning to harden, a change which conveys his internal resilience. He doesn’t want to let go of his dream and therefore starts to show a stronger exterior. As a result, Mary Ellen starts to change, too. She also wants to be brave because she sees that her family needs her to have courage and to be confident in their decisions as they continue their challenging journey.

Mary Ellen additionally faces a new series of losses throughout these chapters. These losses contribute to her self-discovery and coming of age journey. In Chapter 6, the family’s favorite “little two-year-old heifer” gets swept away “in the swift current” when they’re crossing the Kaw River (59). Mary Ellen knows that Father is right and that she should “be thankful that all of [their] people and their wagons and teams made it safely across” (63). However, Daisy’s death also causes Mary Ellen to grieve the other losses she has experienced. Her sorrow over Daisy causes her to cry “for other things too,” including her “warm, wonderful barn and […] house, and every little tree and piece of earth that [she] had known, and Grandma—everything back home that [is] lost to her now” (63). Mary Ellen does want to prove herself strong, brave, and resilient to her family and friends. However, her desire to be bold doesn’t erase her raw emotions. Throughout these chapters, she is therefore learning how to balance her pain with her joy, her grief with her determination. These parts of her internal experience convey the ways in which Mary Ellen is growing up and how her pioneer and migration experiences are contributing to her growth.

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