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43 pages 1 hour read

Masuji Ibuse

Black Rain

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1965

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Chapters 5-8Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5 Summary

Shigematsu visits the home of his resourceful neighbor, Kotaro. He arrives to discover that Kotaro has an unexpected visitor. Shigematsu excitedly thinks to himself that the visiting woman may be researching Yasuko as a potential “marriage prospect” (49), so he makes small talk with the woman's driver. He sits on a rock nearby and waits for the woman to leave. While he waits, he thinks about how much the local landscape has changed since his childhood. When the woman leaves, Shigematsu breaks from his reveries and goes to Kotaro's house. Kotaro seems “ashamed of himself” (50) for discussing Yasuko so intensely and tired, so Shigematsu leaves quickly. He pities Yasuko and the intrusions into her life. Returning home, he is determined to finish transcribing the diaries.

Shigematsu continues his account of the day of the bombing. He continues to walk home, pushing through the “dense stream” (51) of scared and injured people. He passes destroyed shrines, burning houses, and a station where the trains are not running. Though he feels thirsty, the water in the taps and pipes has been evaporated by the bomb. He finds a bucket of water beside a pump and drinks “ecstatically” (52), but he soon begins to feel weak. As he continues on, he meets his neighbor, Mr. Miyaji, who is half-naked and wandering the neighborhood with his skin hanging from his back. They walk together through the village; Mr. Miyaji is followed closely by a strange cat. They reach a busy road where vehicles laden down with many injured people pass frequently. Mr. Miyaji collapses, asking for water. They watch Hiroshima burn in the distance. They walk on, and when Shigematsu reaches his unburned house he falls to his knees. Mr. Miyaji stumbles away to look for his own house. According to rumors, he dies the next day. Shigematsu finds Shigeko at their pre-arranged meeting point. Yasuko, they agree, will be fine because she is far away in Furue. Shigematsu leaves to inspect their house, which is tilted and messy but still standing.

Chapter 6 Summary

Shokichi and Asajiro invite Shigematsu to join them in expanding the carp rearing project. He agrees to join them for a three- to four-day “period of study” (57) with the man who supplies the carp. He hopes he can continue transcribing the diaries during this study period.

Shigematsu continues to describe the day of the bombing. He inspects his garden for damage. Finding dead fish in his pond, he is filled with a “nameless dread” (58) about what type of horrific new weapon has been used. Next, he checks the other houses on the silent street. As he uses wooden beams to prop up a falling wall, he spots his young neighbor, Hashizume. The typically “cheerful, lively youth” (59) is unresponsive to Shigematsu's questions. Eventually, Hashizume explains that his school collapsed, and many students were crushed to death. Shigematsu brings the dazed Hashizume back to the meeting point, where the youngster is told his parents have gone to the hospital. He goes to find them. Shigematsu and Shigeko want to warn Yasuko about potential fires she may encounter if she tries to travel home from Furue. Before they can go anywhere to meet her, they find Yasuko back at their house. Yasuko, who has been placed in Shigematsu's care and feels like “almost a daughter” (61) to him, weeps with joy to be reunited with her aunt and uncle. She has a strange black mark on her hand that will not wash away. When he asks his similarly afflicted neighbors, Shigematsu learns that the marks come from the black rain that is falling on Hiroshima after the bomb. However, the neighbors assure him the government says the black marks are not harmful.

Fearing the neighborhood will soon burn down, Shigematsu and his neighbor plan to evacuate their families by a boat. When they arrive at the river, however, the boat is gone. Shigematsu and his family return home to find their house has collapsed and is “no more” (64). Shigematsu leads his family through the ruined village and thick smoke. Yasuko trips over a dead body “clasping a dead baby in its arms” (64). They eventually pass through the devastated environment, past the many bodies, and Shigematsu wonders how these people could have died “such a grotesque death” (66).

Chapter 7 Summary

Shigematsu continues to transcribe his journal of the bombing. Electrical cables, falling charcoal, and dense smoke block the path ahead. Shigematsu, Shigeko, and Yasuko pass through once familiar but now desolate neighborhoods. They head further into Hiroshima city, closer to where “the bomb had been dropped” (69). Shigematsu meets Sato, a police officer, and they discuss the destruction. Shigematsu leads his family along a river to find a way to cross while “countless dead bodies” (70) float past. They pass dead soldiers and clusters of dead people huddled together. They see children beside their dead parents, and they can do nothing to help. Wading through the river, they reach rice fields. Shigematsu feels exhausted. He sits down for a moment and cannot help but fall asleep. Shigeko and Yasuko lay down beside him and rest. When he wakes, he drinks water, and they continue their journey as the sun sets. Shigematsu overhears a group of refugees gathered around a campfire. They discuss the destruction and wonder whether other Japanese cities have suffered a similar fate. Shigematsu encourages his exhausted family to continue their journey until they eventually reach Yamamoto Station. The trains are running, and every coach is full. Shigematsu squeezes his family onboard a cramped train, where he is pressed against a woman holding her dead baby in a bundle. The train departs.

Chapter 8 Summary

Shigematsu continues his diary entry from the day of the bombing. Shigematsu, Shigeko, and Yasuko ride the train to Kabe. However, the train breaks down. Some passengers grow impatient with the “unavoidably delayed” (76) train; they exit the coach through the windows and begin walking toward Kabe. The remaining passengers share their stories about the bombing. Shigematsu includes several in his diary entry. The stories all describe bright flashes, terrible injuries, desperate and doomed attempts to save loved ones, and death. The people suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, and confusion as they begin to realize the bombing was “no ordinary calamity” (80). People debate who is to blame as the criticize the military's actions. Eventually, Shigematsu and his family arrive at his workplace, the Furuichi fabric factory, where their arrival is marked by a workman. Shigematsu washes himself but struggles to remove the black dirt from his face. As people try to determine what to do next, they are all scared “of the next air raid” (82).

Chapters 5-8 Analysis

The more Shigematsu examines his diaries, the more he is forced to relive the chaos of the immediate aftermath of the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima. The events he describes in the diary entries seem like a fever dream, in which he wanders the ruins of a city he knew very well. Everywhere he looks, familiar sights are turned into rubble. People stumble through the ruins, sometimes accompanied by animals or others, and then vanish again. The way in which people drift through the ruins in a dazed, shocked manner has no real narrative structure. Shigematsu's experiences turn into a series of disjointed, traumatic images that he places alongside one another and struggles to draw meaning from. Everything has been destroyed, including linear thought patterns. The physical city is rubble but society itself and the minds of its inhabitants have also been blown apart by the bomb. The devastation caused by the atomic bomb caused shockwaves to spread through every facet of society so that everything is affected and whatever is left behind is hollowed out and senseless.

In the aftermath of the explosion, Shigematsu does not know what to do with himself. Once he has located his home and his family, he decides to take everyone to the factory where he works. The decision hints at the early way in which the explosion has affected him. The bomb has destroyed everything he knew: the city of Hiroshima is almost gone, as is his house. Already, Shigematsu knows that many of his friends and neighbors are dead. The world has changed in one horrific instant, and he feels lost and disconnected from the moment. His decision to return to work is an attempt to slip into a familiar pattern. He craves the normality of routine in a world that has been instantaneously reshaped. Shigematsu goes to the factory because he subconsciously wants to go back to the world as it was before the explosion. He fruitlessly tries to force a familiar routine into a now-unfamiliar world.

Away from the diary, Shigematsu tries to find a purpose in his life. The radiation sickness has left him unable to work and unable to contribute to his community at a busy time of year. Furthermore, he feels as though his niece is tainted by association with him. He hatches a plan with his friends to rebuild his reputation and bring something back to the community. The three men decide to rear carp and release them into a local lake, which will provide the community with a food source by bringing back the fish that have been largely absent from the area since the explosion of the atomic bomb. The carp rearing project is an attempt to rebuild what was lost, not just by returning the fish to the lake but by Shigematsu showing himself and others that he is still useful. By rearing carp, Shigematsu is bringing life back into the world. He is restoring something that was lost and providing a positive addition to a world that was ruptured by a traumatic event in the past. Shigematsu is reclaiming control over his life and his reputation by bringing back what was lost and trying to reclaim the world he once knew. He will never be able to undo the pain of the past, but he may be able to show the people in the present that not everything is lost. The carp rearing project is a hint of optimism in a pessimistic, traumatized society.

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