54 pages • 1 hour read
Xóchitl GonzálezA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide contains descriptions of racism and disordered eating.
Raquel’s mother and sister Toni arrive at her new apartment. Raquel is dressed for work in a black pencil skirt and matching camisole with her hair pulled back into a tight chignon: just the way Nick likes it. Her mother immediately comments on her dramatic weight loss and on the hairstyle, which she does not appreciate as much as Nick does. Raquel becomes defensive, and her mother states that she is worried that her daughters are growing up and do not need her anymore. After that, conversation flows more readily, but the trio tenses up when Raquel shares the news that she has a new boyfriend. It is clear that her mother and sister are trying to figure out what kind of person he is, and Raquel does not want to admit that he is both white and wealthy. She also does not want to admit that she has begun purging her food again. She has to mask her anger when her sister speculates that Raquel is deliberately losing weight to become more attractive to a white man.
Raquel, Toni, her mother, and Raquel’s friend Betsaida arrive at Nick’s studio. Raquel can tell that her family does not quite approve of Nick, and she can see from his strained smile that his reaction to them is similarly negative. His first comment is on how loud they all are together. They talk about Nick’s sculptures, which Raquel does not like. Her mother and sister speak articulately about the work and compare his pieces to other famous sculptures that they have seen. Raquel is pleased that her mother is both intelligent and knowledgeable about art, but something about the encounter feels off to her. As they are leaving, Nick pulls Raquel aside. He is upset that she is spending the weekend with her family instead of with him, and he punishes her for it by sulking. At the beach, her mother and Toni voice their disapproval, and Raquel tries to explain that Nick helps her to navigate the very white, upper-class art world, but the two roll their eyes and tell her that Nick isn’t “good people.”
New York City, Winter 1987
Jack’s trial is approaching, and he is consumed by stress and by his own feelings of victimization. He sees the widespread support for Anita as an assault on his own innocence, even though he did kill his wife, and he is enraged by the number of women publicly calling for his conviction. His state of mind is so fragile that he sees Anita’s battered, bloody body everywhere, and although he tells himself that these visions are just manifestations of his own guilt, he is often sure that she actually has come back to haunt him.
The Ceiba Tree
After her death, Anita divides her time between Cuba and various other places. She resides on a beach at the bottom of a Ceiba tree. Her spirit is able to visit, to haunt, and to pursue. Sometimes she appears to Jack, and sometimes she takes the form of a bat. She especially enjoys haunting Jack while he is having sex with Ingrid, the woman with whom he cheated on Anita and then brought to her funeral. Anita is enraged to learn that Jack is trying to wrest control of her estate from her sister. Even in death, he wants to control and silence her art.
Providence, Summer 1998
Nick’s mother calls Raquel at work. She wants to invite Nick and Raquel out for drinks, and Raquel is forced to explain that Nick has not called her in a week. Nick’s mother explains that she is well aware of this fact; she wants to smooth things over between the two. Raquel reluctantly agrees to meet them later that evening. After the call, she talks to her boss Belinda about some issues that she is having with her thesis project. She cannot figure out why Jack Martin stopped showing his work in the mid-1980s. Aghast, Belinda asks her if she is aware that Jack murdered his wife, another famous artist named Anita de Monte. Belinda is stunned that Raquel’s advisor did not share this well-known fact with her. She describes the way that Jack tried to discredit Anita even after her death and recounts the fact that a judge found him not guilty after an explosive trial. Belinda protested at the trial and remembers thinking that Jack’s treatment of Anita represented patriarchy in both the art world and in romantic relationships.
Later, as she has drinks with Nick and his family, Raquel brings up Anita de Monte. Nick’s parents are huge fans of Jack’s work and have a low opinion of Anita, describing the artist as “loud” and a “Cuban thing.” It is obvious to Raquel that they value the work of white artists more highly than the work of artists of color. After Nick’s parents leave, Nick and Raquel have a chance to talk. She is angry with him for not calling all week. He explains that meeting her family scared him because he realized that they were from “different worlds.” Still, he claims that he has never felt supported by anyone as much as Raquel in the past, and he wanted to make their relationship work. Despite the fact that he only mentions her support for him and not her actual personality, Raquel forgives him.
New York City, Winter 1987
News that Jack is trying to seize control of Anita’s estate from her sister has gotten out, and it is all over the papers. Jack’s attorney, Ron, is fuming because Jack is already unpopular with the press and the general public, and the optics of him bullying his sister-in-law are not good. He advises Jack to forgo a jury trial and let a judge decide his fate. He also notes that juries are always made up of both men and women, and he does not know a single woman who thinks that Jack is innocent. Most judges in the county are men, and the attorney feels that Jack has a better chance of being acquitted by a male judge. He also wants Jack to stop meddling in the affairs of Anita’s estate. He suggests that Jack release a public statement clarifying that he does not want to prevent his late wife’s work from being shown and that her retrospective has his blessing. Jack, who is fuming because Anita is getting more attention than he is, worries that his own work will never again be seen as favorably as it was in the past. He asks Tilly to use her influence to stop Anita’s retrospective from happening.
Tilly’s Apartment, Winter 1987
Tilly does indeed call around to various museums to try to prevent them from showing Anita’s work at such a “sensitive” time. Anita hears these calls being made, and her spirit descends upon Tilly, taking the form of a bat in the same way that she has done on several of her visits to Jack. Angrily, she flies around Tilly’s apartment, dive-bombing the woman and sending her glassware cascading to the floor. Tilly has successfully killed her retrospective, and Anita is furious that her memory is going to be extinguished.
Providence, Summer 1998
Raquel reads more about Anita de Monte’s death. Anita had been Latina, like her, and had lived in a part of New York that Raquel knows well. Raquel is moved and fascinated by what she reads. She realizes how unfairly Anita has been treated by the art world, both during her life and after her untimely death. After poring over news clippings for hours, Raquel begins to wonder about Anita’s work. What she finds astonishes her. Colorful and beautiful, the pieces speak to her on a visceral level, and in Raquel’s estimation, Jack’s work pales in comparison to Anita’s.
New York City, Spring 1987
Anita’s work is shown in one retrospective, at the Museum of Contemporary Art of the Americas. Anita finds the exhibition exhilarating and beautiful and desperately wishes that she were alive to attend. Anita learns from another spirit in Cuba that artists like her can only visit the living in living forms (like her bat) while their work is still seen and appreciated. After she is forgotten, she will no longer be able to move with such ease through the world of the living. She will, however, be able to move objects around, he tells her. She thinks that she can work with that.
Madrid, Spain Summer 1989
Jack has a new show in Madrid that is lauded in the press. Tilly is thrilled, but Jack is not. Anita’s spirit moves his pieces around, changing the rigid, 90-degree-angle shapes that he creates and softening them. He sees vaginal imagery in his work and knows that Anita is responsible for the subtle yet pointed shifts. He is livid that this work is better reviewed than his past pieces— the pieces that Anita had not “fucked with.” When he reads that some of Anita’s pieces are going to be shown, he is even more livid. He once again asks Tilly to put a stop to the exhibition.
Under the Ceiba Tree
With Tilly’s help, Jack continues to prevent Anita’s work from being shown. As a result, she fades from the public eye and from memory, and her spirit weakens. She can no longer move objects or visit the living. Occasionally, a women’s studies student or art major will find her work in the archives, and she will experience a temporary ability to release her spirit, but as the years pass, even these moments become increasingly rare.
Providence, Summer 1998
Raquel and Nick’s relationship remains troubled. On the surface, their relationship seems normal, but there is an underlying tension. Nick is nervous about his upcoming show and gets angry when Raquel spends any time away from him. In public, however, he is dismissive and treats her like “an accessory.” He is even more controlling about her appearance than usual, and although she admits that he has good taste, she does not quite feel like herself anymore. Even so, she tries to make things work, and on a whim, she tells him that he can cut her hair. She knows that he does not like how long it is, and she thinks that she might enjoy a change. She tells him to cut off 12 inches of her waist-long hair, but he takes off much, much more. It is now above her shoulders, and he cuts it in a way that does not flatter her curls. He has seen his own, straight-haired mother get haircuts and thought that he could copy her stylist’s approach. Raquel is enraged and saddened by the disastrous result. She reflects that her hair represented her entire life, and she thinks that he has somehow stolen it from her. Because he has cut it so unevenly, she trims it even shorter to make it look better, and she is left with a pixie cut. Raquel is bereft.
This portion of the text continues to draw pointed parallels between Anita and Jack’s story and Raquel’s troubled relationship with Nick, further highlighting The Damaging Impact of Toxic Masculinity. As Nick continues to try to exert control over Raquel’s appearance and behavior, the appearance of Raquel’s family further showcases the problems that define her relationship with Nick. While her many recent changes go largely unnoticed in the art world, her mother and sister instantly comment on her unhealthy weight loss and the tight chignon in which she wears her long hair. This shift in style reflects her boyfriend’s ongoing criticism of her authentic self, for although her hair is an important reminder of her culture and origins, Nick finds her hair unruly and prefers her to wear the chignon to cultivate a more mainstream image that conforms to white beauty standards. While she complies to please him, she cannot help but notice that embracing white beauty standards makes her day-to-day life in the art world much easier. However, as she confronts the inherent Eurocentrism in the Art World, she grows increasingly uncomfortable with the idea of conforming to white supremacist cultural practices for the sake of pursuing success, even though she knows that she is better accepted when she “looks the part.” Within this context, her family’s dislike of Nick provides an anchor to her authentic identity, and his reaction to her family is equally as telling. He does not like them, finding them loud and difficult to talk to; this detail is a nod to the fact that quiet speaking voices are valued more highly in white cultures. Although Nick claims to love Raquel, he does not love the aspects of her identity that reflect her class position or her cultural differences. Even he admits that meeting her family made him realize that they come from “different worlds.” These increasingly uneasy dynamics culminate when Nick cuts off all of Raquel’s hair without her permission. Faced with this act of racist, classist erasure, Raquel realizes that he has removed a cherished piece of her identity because it did not conform to his white supremacist standards of beauty. This incident serves as the final insult that ends the relationship.
Juxtaposed with these multiple examples of hostility and racism against Latinx women, Jack’s persistent focus on his self-victimization and his continued efforts to stifle Anita’s legacy present a sharp contrast and a prime example of The Damaging Impact of Toxic Masculinity even when his target is long dead, likely by his own hand. Instead of admitting to his crime, he obsesses over his tarnished image and the world’s fixation on his guilt, believing himself to be victimized by Anita’s death while the precise opposite is true. Although Jack is a murderer, he does not see himself this way because he cannot take responsibility for his wife’s death. In part because he wants to refocus the spotlight on his work, he enlists the aid of Tilly Barber to prevent shows of Anita’s work. In this moment, Gonzalez attempts to provide a voice to the voiceless by conjuring Anita’s spirit, which fumes over this betrayal and screams, “I faded from the public eye, you cocksucker? It was because you buried me!” (269). It should be noted that Tilly’s support for Jack rather than Anita is a direct manifestation of the author’s opinion that white women often choose to support white men rather than women of color. With this aspect of the novel, Gonzalez explores the fact that race often becomes a more powerful point of cohesion than gender, for Tilly helps Jack to enact racist acts of erasure instead of standing up for a fellow woman, just because that woman is not white.
In this set of chapters, Gonzalez finally forges a more direct link between the novel’s two protagonists as Raquel discovers the work of Anita de Monte. Significantly, she is introduced to Anita’s art through her female mentor, Dr. Belinda Kim, rather than through her professor, John Temple. Further parallels between the two timelines are apparent in the fact that John is a fan of Jack Martin’s and, like many other misogynistic men, thought so little of Anita de Monte’s work that he did not believe it important to mention her existence or her death to a student writing a thesis about Jack’s life and work. Upon learning of Anita, Raquel is forced to question the merits of John Temple’s preferences, and she realizes that women of color will always be more appreciated by other women than by men. She is struck by the beauty of Anita’s work and realizes the connection that she wanted to establish between nature and the feminine, and the inspiration that she finds in Anita’s work will lead her to a new career path. It is important to note that Raquel finds true inspiration within the art forged by artists of color, not the work of white, “mainstream” artists. Although many, including John Temple and Nick’s family, would like Raquel to believe that assimilation is the only path to happiness and success, she realizes that there is a way to remain true to herself and find an authentic place in the world by elevating and amplifying the works created by artists of color.
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