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45 pages 1 hour read

Clyde Robert Bulla

A Lion to Guard Us

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1981

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Themes

Resilience and Youth

Amanda and her siblings’ resilience against opposition and misfortunes despite their young age is a recurring element in A Lion to Guard Us. Their resilience is present from the first chapters in Mistress Trippett’s home, where they are coping with their father’s absence and mother’s illness. Despite being children, each sibling plays their part: Amanda works long hours while taking on a maternal role, and her siblings are consigned to the back stairs, unable to even come into the kitchen or speak to anyone. Jemmy and Meg adapt to these conditions because they must, but this existence saddens Amanda: “It hurt[s] her to see them there, like two puppies that nobody want[s]” (7). Another example of Amanda’s early resilience occurs when Dr. Crider offers to help her carry the heavy water pail and she refuses, knowing that accepting his help will get her reprimanded. While all three Freebold children are young enough that they should be enjoying childhood, their life in the working class demands their resilience, and they rise to the occasion.

After the death of their mother, Amanda knows she can’t simply mourn because she has to embody a mothering role. Rather than sink into grief, she comforts her siblings and then works out a plan to travel to Virginia and reunite with their father. Their situation emboldens her to take risks like going to the Virginia Company and asking Mistress Trippett for her mother’s money. She is also strong enough to guide Meg and Jemmy through their night on the street, keeping them safe until Dr. Crider offers them a haven. While Dr. Crider’s care allows the children to soften, they draw on their past experiences of resilience when he disappears, and they are able to care for themselves during the shipwreck and in Bermuda. This includes building a house together, contributing to the community’s efforts to feed each other, and in Jemmy’s case, hunting down the stolen door knocker. While the children still yearn for their father, their experiences have left them capable of taking care of themselves and each other.

This resilience is an ambiguous trait. Meg and Jemmy are quiet and reserved around other people, and Meg in particular suffers from neglect: “[She] was too quiet, too good […] She’d never played like other children. She didn’t know how” (37). Amanda has lived in this survival state for long enough that she never gets that childlike spark back. However, there’s still time and space for Jemmy and Meg to become children again. Under Amanda’s care, they develop voices and begin to play. On the ship, Jemmy runs around with his friends, and on the island, Meg spontaneously begins jumping on a mossy rock, pretending to be a bird. Amanda is amazed since it is the first time she has seen Meg play. Even after being shipwrecked for months, Meg and Jemmy retain their sense of wonder when they finally reach America, looking eagerly over the rails for animals and Indigenous people. While the Freebold children exhibit strength throughout the narrative, these shifting perspectives show that wonder and innocence are also resilient traits that can be recovered after trauma.

Journey From Childhood to Independence

A Lion to Guard Us is a Bildungsroman, or coming-of-age story, tracing Amanda’s journey from adolescence to independence. Because her mother is ill, and her father is in America at the beginning of the novel, Amanda has already had to step into the role of caregiver to her two siblings and has taken her mother’s place as a servant in the household. However, at this point, she is still more childlike, assuming this arrangement is temporary until their mother is well and they can be reunited with their father. This is demonstrated through her deference and naivete in the early chapters. She does what she is told by Cook and Mistress Trippett, even when it is harmful, like keeping her siblings confined in a dark room and lugging a heavy water pail by herself. After their mother’s death, she identifies ways to liberate herself and her siblings but is ill-equipped to navigate the social systems necessary for her plan. She can neither recover their money from Mistress Trippett nor book passage on a ship, and her failure results in them losing their position in Mistress Trippett’s home.

Dr. Crider’s help highlights Amanda’s strengths and weaknesses as a caretaker at this point in her journey. She doesn’t have the money or experience to provide necessities like food, clothing, or shelter, and Dr. Crider fills the gap here. However, Amanda draws on her experiences to emotionally nurture her siblings, conveying information to them through storytelling. This gesture, a motif in the novel, demonstrates how Amanda is growing into her role; through her resilience, she can make things easier for her younger siblings and allow them to hang on to their childhood for longer.

When Dr. Crider is lost, Amanda is again placed in the role of primary caregiver. She worries she will fail, but after her failed attempt to create new toys for her siblings, she becomes more comfortable with her inability to control their circumstances. This perspective gives her more confidence, and she begins to embody her role and navigate hardships with more ease. On the island, Amanda demonstrates more independence, convincing the governor that she and her siblings can live on their own instead of sharing a house with the Hopkins family. This marks a departure from the beginning of the text when Amanda was always deferent to authority and doubted her ability to care for herself and her family. Although their house is the smallest, Amanda and her siblings thrive there. Their experience surviving on the island leaves Amanda in a strong place by the end of the novel. When Jemmy temporarily goes missing, she is sure the family can remain in Bermuda and be okay, prioritizing their being together over being taken care of by the crew or the Jamestown colony. Likewise, she can manage the situation when she and her siblings encounter their sick father, and the novel ends with a glimmer of hope. Amanda has completed her journey to independence, and through this, the Freebold family will be okay.

The Imagined and Real “New World”

The "New World" is a land of contradictions and is both imaginary and real for Amanda and her siblings. This contradiction is embodied in the phrase “New World,” which is used throughout the text. Referring to the Americas, the land was, of course, not actually new, since people had lived there for millennia. From the perspective of the English in the 1600s, however, the lands were new because white Europeans had only just arrived there.

For those unhappy with the social order in London, the imagined “New World” offers the dream of a better life with more freedom and opportunities for wealth and social advancement. The Freebold children, like their parents, envision the “New World” as a place of possibilities where the rules that keep their family in poverty no longer apply. In the “New World,” the children imagine their father will be able to provide them with a home of their own, as they once had in London. Dr. Crider also imagines the “New World” as a place of promise and adventure, where he can help people as a doctor in Jamestown while fulfilling his childhood dream of being a sailor. Like all places, the reality of the “New World” is different from this idealized version of it. Dr. Crider’s love for the sea ultimately costs him his life as he is swept overboard. The island where the children are shipwrecked is full of material resources, but even there, the children are not social equals. After the disaster, the crew builds a fire on the island, but only the upper-class passengers are allowed to warm themselves around it. The children do get their own home in Bermuda, but it’s the smallest of all the shelters built. Moreover, when they arrive in Jamestown, it has been ravaged by disease, war, and famine—hardly the paradise they imagined. The family has a home in Jamestown, but the town itself is deserted.

Those who are content with their lives in London harbor a different imagined version of the “New World,” seeing it as wild precisely because it lacks England’s social rules. When Mistress Trippett attempts to dissuade Amanda from going to America, she describes Virginia as “a terrible place, full of wild Indians and wild beasts” (28). The “New World” is an unknown, and people like Mistress Trippett assume the worst of it, relying on stereotypes and prejudices about Indigenous people. While she describes the “New World” as “terrible,” she ignores the terrible working conditions she creates in her home, where children perform unpaid labor. Similarly, when the Sea Adventure crashes on an island in the Bermudas, one of the sailors fears that there will be “devils” on the island, and a passenger disparages Indigenous people. Viewing Indigenous people as “wild” or “devils” is based on fear and ignorance, and the sailor realizes that the stories he heard about “devils” in Bermuda were politically motivated myths. While tensions between colonists and Indigenous people are alluded to in Jamestown, the novel does not depict any negative interactions, highlighting how these harmful beliefs are rooted in a fictional idea of the “New World” rather than fact.

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By Clyde Robert Bulla