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110 pages 3 hours read

Amor Towles

A Gentleman in Moscow

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2016

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Epigraph-Book 1, Chapter 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Epigraph Summary: “June 21, 1922”

On June 21, 1922, Count Alexander Ilyich Rostov appears before the Emergency Committee of the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs. In testimony dotted with witticisms that elicit laughter, Rostov relates that he left Russia for Paris in 1914 and returned after the Revolution in 1918, when the Bolsheviks took power and executed Tsar Nicholas and his family. The prosecutor alludes to a poem Rostov wrote in 1913, “Where Is It Now?,” which seems sympathetic to the Bolsheviks’ cause. A presiding secretary says it is “surprising” that “the author of the poem in question could have become a man so obviously without purpose” (5). He believes “the clear-eyed spirit who wrote the poem[…] has succumbed irrevocably to the corruptions of his class—and now poses a threat to the very ideals he once espoused” (5). He states that had it not been for the fact that “there are those within the senior ranks of the Party who Count you among the heroes of the prerevolutionary cause” (5), the Count would be executed; however, instead, they are sentencing him to lifelong house arrest in the luxurious Metropol Hotel, where he’s lived for four years. He is not to leave, on pain of death.

Book 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “1922: An Ambassador”

The Count is escorted back to the Metropol so he can begin his house arrest. Outside the doors of his third floor suite, he encounters a captain of the guards, who informs him the suite is no longer his home. The Count is escorted three flights up a utility stairway, to an old servants’ quarters. The Count’s room is small, and the roof slopes, barely allowing the six-foot-three Count to stand at his full height. He is taken back down to his suite, where he decides which possessions to take with him; the rest, the captain informs him, “[b]ecomes the property of the People” (11). Two bellhops look ruefully on; the Count assures them, “It’s all right, fellows” (11).

The Count opts for family heirlooms and objects that remind him of those he’s loved. Among the items he takes is a desk, telling the bellhops, who complain about its weight, that “[a] king fortifies himself with a castle” (12) and “a gentleman with a desk” (12). The Count gazes out the window, thinking of the many times he’s watched the goings-on in the city from that window. He is reminded of how in 1918, after the Revolution, he returned to Idlehour from Paris and helped his grandmother flee the country before he himself moved to Moscow. He looks at the possessions he must leave behind and ponders how objects that remind us of our pasts carry emotional significance.

Back in his room, the Count consoles himself by recalling how, as a boy, he wanted to travel by ship and train “[b]ecause their berths had been so small” (15). He is grateful that, up on the sixth floor, he is out of earshot of the second floor, where the Bolsheviks have set up a headquarters and type loudly throughout the day.

He is visited by Andrey, the maître d’; Vasily, the concierge; and Marina, the seamstress, who are elated that his punishment is to live in the hotel. The three drink brandy from glasses in the Count’s “Ambassador,” a leather trunk made in London. After they leave, the Count thinks about the history of his desk, which was built in Paris in the age of Louis XVI and had been given to him by his godfather, Grand Duke Demidov, who once told him that “if a man does not master his circumstances then he is bound to be mastered by them” (18). The desk also contains a hidden compartment in each leg, each containing gold pieces.

Book 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “An Anglican Ashore”

The Count dreams of the days when he was free to stroll along Tverskaya Street and purchase a newspaper, eat at the Jockey Club, and stop in Filippov’s bakery for his favorite pastry, a mille-feuille. He wakes up and remembers that “there’s to be none of that” (20).

A young hotel employee delivers his breakfast; the Count asks him to deliver a note to Konstantin Konstantinovich. After commiserating with the hotel’s one-eyed cat, he decides he has taken too much furniture and too many books, which were his father’s and are of no interest to him. He brings a large portion of his belongings to another room on his floor, then sits to read one of his father’s favorite books, a collection of essays by Montaigne. As he reads, he remembers “glorious spring days” (23) with his late sister, Helena, who used to embroider as he read to her.

Konstantin, a lender, visits, and the Count shows him a rare coin “minted in commemoration of Catherine the Great’s coronation” (25), suggesting he has many more. The two men agree to terms for an exchange.

The Metropol’s restaurant, the Boyarsky, is the best in Moscow, though it has lost patronage under the Bolsheviks. The chef, Emile Zhukovsky, is considered brilliant, no less so under the “economic declines, failed crops, and halted trade” (27) that have made fine ingredients scarce. The Count enjoys a fine meal made from more common ingredients, admiring Emile’s innovation. He also admires how Andrey, the “handsome, tall, and graying” (27) maître d’, upholds “the Boyarsky’s reputation for excellence” (27) with his swiftness and class.

Remembering the words of his godfather, “that a man must master his circumstances or otherwise be mastered by them” (28), the Count decides that he will commit “to the business of practicalities” (29). Just as Robinson Crusoe, on realizing he would not be saved soon, took to learning about his new environment, the Count decides to make the most of his circumstances. Earlier, he had asked Konstantin to deliver three notes. That evening, he receives new linens, his favorite soap, and a mille-feuille.

Book 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “An Appointment”

The Count is determined to read from Montaigne, but he finds it full of contradictions, and he can’t help looking at the clock. He discovers he is not retaining much of the information; he feels that reading the collection of essays is as strenuous as crawling across the Sahara. When the clock finally strikes noon, he gladly tosses the book on the bed and heads downstairs for his weekly appointment with the hotel barber, Yaroslav Yaroslavl.

On the way through the lobby to the downstairs shops, he recalls how the florist, Fatima Federova, was forced to close her shop in 1920 and how her flowers used to grace the hotel’s lobby and rooms. He is comforted thinking that Paris also must have closed its florist shops during the French Revolution but “now abound[s] in blossoms” (33). He believes this means that “the time for flowers in the Metropol would surely come again” (33).

In the barber’s shop, Yaroslav takes the Count ahead of a belligerent-looking man who had been waiting when the Count arrived. The man asserts that he was next; the Count explains that he has a weekly appointment. The man rises, grabs a pair of scissors, snips off one side of the Count’s mustache, and tells him, “You’ll have your appointment soon enough” (36) before storming out.

Yaroslav is horrified, but the Count says the man “was perfectly right” (36) and that he should have allowed Yaroslav to take the man first. He looks at himself in the mirror and sees himself as never before. He considers how the world spins and rotates, as does the galaxy—“a wheel within a greater wheel” (37)—and how a mirror can show a man “not who he imagines himself to be, but who he has become” (37). At Yaroslav’s question, “But what are we to do?” (36), the Count responds, “A clean shave, my friend” (37).

Epigraph-Book 1, Chapter 3 Analysis

The first chapters of A Gentleman in Moscow establish contradictions between the old and the new, the obsolete and the modern. Readers are offered a glimpse into the life of the aristocracy and of the tumultuous events of early 20th-century Russia, in which class wars and political upheaval changed the social landscape forever.

Count Rostov is immediately cast as witty and charming, telling jokes during his hearing and even waving to friends and hotel staff as he’s escorted to the hotel for his lifelong house arrest. However, this lackadaisical attitude seems to suggest that the seriousness of his situation eludes him, a suggestion that is reinforced when he expresses surprise that he will no longer reside in his suite. The levity with which he treats his hearing—the prosecutor notes, “Count Rostov, you do not seem to appreciate the gravity of your position” (5)—is indicative of a larger theme, that of the nobility’s tendency to be blithely out of touch and unable to foresee the tenuousness of their privilege.

The Count’s fixation on the past illuminates that this privilege has been inherited from one generation to the next and that his lifestyle is incompatible with Bolshevik ideals. Looking around his suite and deciding which possessions take with him to his new quarters, the Count takes stock of “his grandmother’s oriental coffee table” (11), “the Rostovs’ grandfather clock” (12), and other valuable items steeped in family history. His beloved desk, an heirloom from his godfather, dates back to the days of Louis XVI. In a dream his first night in his new room, he imagines “the warm spring air” (19) as he strolls along Tverskaya Street, how he would dine at the Jockey Club before meeting his bankers, and how he would linger in the baker’s shop, enjoying his favorite pastry. When finished with his pastry, he would rise and think, “What next?” (20)—a question that suggests his lack of work or responsibility. Indeed, in his hearing, when asked about his occupation, the Count responds, “It is not the business of gentlemen to have occupations” (4).

Hints of the people’s distaste for this privileged existence are evident throughout these chapters. During the Count’s hearing, the prosecutor can’t help but note, “I do not think that I have ever seen a jacket festooned with so many buttons” (3); when the Count thanks him, the prosecutor answers, “It was not meant as a compliment” (3). When informing the Count that he no longer will live in his own suites, the captain’s face shows “the slightest suggestion of a smile” (10). Those representing the new regime seem to take pleasure in mocking the Count’s dandyism and in demonstrating that the nobleman’s luxuries are of no use to him now.

Nowhere is the resentment of the people more evident than in the incident in the barbershop, when the Count is served before a man who had been waiting, only to have the man violently snip off one side of his mustache. Despite the Count’s “friendly nod” (35) and chipper explanation that he has a standing weekly appointment, the man is intolerant of being passed over, telling the Count, “You’ll have your appointment soon enough” (36), an unsubtle reference to the deposing of and judgment of noblemen. The incident reveals that the past so cherished by the Count is evolving; one’s birth and status no longer assure one’s privilege. The revelation comes as a shock to the Count, who looks at himself in the mirror “perhaps, for the first time in years” (36) and contemplates how “the world does spin” (37) and how he has regarded himself not as he is, but how he wishes to be.

Interestingly, the Count is not averse to accepting this lesson and to moving willingly with the times. When Yaroslav the barber dejectedly asks, “But what are we to do?” (36), the Count declares he would like “[a] clean shave” (37), indicating his desire to make the most of new circumstances, both with his mustache and with a changing social structure. Though unsettled, the Count recognizes the necessity of acknowledging this new, more equal society, telling Yaroslav that the man “was perfectly right” (36) and that he should have “cede[d] the chair and suggest[ed] that you attend to him first” (36).

Ironically, it is a lesson from the very past from which society is moving that helps Count accept these losses. He recalls how his godfather, upon the deaths of the Count’s parents, stressed that “if a man does not master his circumstances then he is bound to be mastered by them” (18). Before the incident in the barbershop, the Count reveals his ability to master his circumstances by “committing to the business of practicalities” (29), making his room as comfortable as possible. He demonstrates this flexibility throughout these chapters, stating simply, “Very well” (11) upon learning he will not live in his suite and, “Just so” (15) when hitting his head on the low ceiling of his new room. Rather than complain about his small room, he recalls how as a boy he yearned to travel in a train or on a steamship because “their berths had been so small” (15).

Despite his flexibility, however, the Count seems to hold out hope that one day, the past will be restored. He compares himself to Robinson Crusoe, who learned his “island’s topography, its climate, its flora and fauna” (29) while keeping his “eyes trained for sails on the horizon and footprints in the sand” (29). Thinking of how Fatima’s flower shop in the Metropol has closed, he considers that Paris also closed it flower shops during the French Revolution and that if Paris can restore its flowers, then “the time for flowers in the Metropol would surely come again” (33). While the Count is willing to absorb these changes, he also appears to patiently bide his time until stability as he knows it is restored.

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