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George R. R. MartinA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: The source material features depictions of sexual assault, gender-based violence, misogynistic slurs, and ableist language related to limb differences and appearance.
Varamyr Sixskins is a warg. He dies when the Others, intelligent undead who haunt the lands north of the Wall, consume him. The Others are quickly encroaching on the Wall.
Tyrion Lannister, having killed his father, ends up in the Free City of Pentos in the house of Illyrio Mopatis, a plotting man who hopes to bring one or more of the Targaryens back to power in Westeros. Tyrion uses an assumed name, “Yollo.” He is unsure if the Illyrio means to help him or kill him. The magister suggests that rather than countering Cersei or overthrowing Stannis Baratheon for revenge, Tyrion should ally himself with Daenerys Targaryen, daughter of “Mad” Aerys II Targaryen, the last Targaryen king in Westeros. Rumors are that Daenerys has three dragons, and Illyrio has a plan that will marry Daenerys to another claimant to the throne. Tyrion is not well. He drinks alcohol to excess and obsesses about his last conversation with his father. When Tyrion asked Tywin what he did with the commoner young woman Tyrion married as a young man, his father responded, “Wherever whores go” (18). Tyrion killed his father for those words and many other cruelties over the years. Now that Tyrion has avenged himself, he doesn’t know what to do with himself.
Daenerys is the ruler of Meereen on Slaver’s Bay in Essos. She dresses in a tokar, the elaborate dress favored by the nobility in Meereen, because it is expected of her, but she isn’t happy about it. She contends with the Sons of the Harpy, a rebellious order opposed to her rule; frequent requests from handsome noble Hizdahr zo Loraq to re-open Meereen’s famed and lucrative slave fighting pits; and requests for reimbursements for sheep her wild dragon Drogon has killed.
Jon Snow, the son born of wedlock to Eddard (Ned) Stark and an unknown woman, has strategized his way to being lord commander of the Night’s Watch, the force tasked with protecting the Wall, the structure that separates Westeros from threats north of the Wall. His challenge now is Stannis Baratheon, one of the claimants to the throne since the death of King Robert Baratheon, father of Tommen Baratheon, the boy king currently sitting on the throne with the help of the Lannister side of his family. Stannis wants to take some of the castles of the Night’s Watch, but Jon refuses his request because it would violate the neutrality the Night’s Watch is sworn to uphold. Stannis’s ally Lady Melisandre, a priestess of the fire god R’hllor, tells Jon she has a premonition of a threat to him. She tells him to keep his direwolf Ghost with him at all times.
North of the Wall, Bran (Brandon), Meara, Jojen, and Hodor continue on their way to find the last greenseer, the closest thing to a prophet the old gods have. While warging in his direwolf Summer, Bran discovers that Coldhands, their mysterious guide, has killed brothers of the Night’s Watch, claiming they are enemies. They realize he is undead but have no choice but to follow him.
Tyrion travels with Illyrio toward Meereen to engage in some business to do with Daenerys. He learns that beyond the Dothraki, Daenerys has the support of the Golden Company, a legendary army of mercenaries with many exiled Westerosi in its ranks. He begins to wonder why she has support from so many different allies. Illyrio is probably in it for the money, and the mercenaries want to end their exile and return to Westeros. Tyrion is in it for revenge. He hopes she will bring down the Lannisters, especially his sister Cersei, who has put a bounty on his head for killing their father.
Prince of Dorne Quentyn Martell is making his way to Daenerys as well. He and his Dornish companions are stuck in a port in Volantis. Pirates waylaid their ship as they crossed the Narrow Sea from Westeros. Quentyn is both nervous and eager to meet Daenerys. His mission is to convince Daenerys to marry him and gain an ally for Dorne, which has always been one of the more rebellious states of Westeros. He and his men seem doomed to fail since rumors of war make it hard to secure any ships.
Jon creates a “paper shield” (113)—a letter to King’s Landing proclaiming that the Night’s Watch is neutral in the war of kings. In truth, he intends to ally with Stannis because he needs help to defend the Wall from the Others and to protect wildlings from the harsh winter. He sends his maester Aemon (a Targaryen by birth) and the son of King-Beyond-the-Wall Mance Rayder away as well. If they stay, he suspects Melisandre will burn them because king’s blood makes her magic more potent. Jon is shrewd: He switches Mance’s baby with the baby of Gilly, a wildling girl, then dispatches Gilly, Mance’s son, Aemon, and Sam Tarly to Oldtown, where Sam will become a maester and learn all he can about the Others. Jon decides to incorporate Night’s Watchmen and wildlings into garrisons to hold two more castles along the Wall against the Others. Janos Slynt, long a rival of Jon and prone to taunting Jon for his circumstances of birth, refuses to obey Jon’s order to go to one of these castles. Jon executes him personally using Longclaw, his own steel blade, just as Eddard Stark did when he had to execute a man. Jon finds the decision hard, but he knows he must do as Aemon advised and “[k]ill the boy and let the man be born” (117) if he wants to lead. Stannis approves of this action.
Tyrion and Illyrio rendezvous with Griff, Young Griff, and two other men. “Griff” is the exiled Jon Connington, Lord of Griffin’s Roost in Storm’s End, Westeros, and disgraced member of the Golden Company. Tyrion soon realizes that Young Griff is supposedly Aegon Targaryen, the only son of Crown Prince Rhaegar Targaryen and Elia Martell, both of whom died during Robert’s Rebellion, the revolt that ended the Targaryen dynasty. Tyrion is skeptical about the boy’s identity, especially since he knows that Varys, the old spymaster in Westeros, is involved with the boy. Tyrion assumes an identity as Hugor Hill, but Griff guesses who he is. Tyrion convinces the Griffs and their crew to carry him with them because what he knows is valuable. Still, Tyrion knows he is in danger considering he is a kinslayer and one of the Lannisters, people who helped bring down the Targaryens.
in Winterfell, Davos Seaworth arrives in Sisterton, some distance from White Harbor in Winterfell. He comes on shore by boat after the ship carrying him wrecks and the captain is unwilling to wait around for him—hardly an impressive start to his diplomatic mission. The lord knows Davos is an old smuggler and pirate who stole from Sisterton itself. Davos feels out of his depth when the lord reminds of him of his past, and Davos wishes once again that he still had his “luck” (232), the bag of knucklebones from the fingers Stannis removed as punishment for his piracy. The lord of Sisterton is inclined to have Davos executed and has little respect for Davos because he knows he comes from common people (he calls him “the onion knight” [145]). The lord at Sisterton frees Davos after Davos argues that siding with the Lannisters is no sure thing; Tommen is just a child, and Stannis has already won battles. Davos learns that Tywin Lannister, the power behind the throne, is dead because Tyrion killed him. He sees an opening for Stannis to take King’s Landing now that Tywin is gone. Davos heads for White Harbor.
As a show of R’hllor’s and Stannis’s power, Melisandre burns a man who appears to be Mance Rayder (but is not) and the Horn of Joramun, which is rumored to be capable of bringing down the Wall with its sound. Stannis shows his sword Lightbringer, which flashes with an uncanny red light. He commands any wildling who wants to pass through the Wall to Westeros to bend the knee and accept R’hllor as their god. Most accept kneeling over death on the other side of the Wall with the Others and winter. Few in the Night’s Watch are pleased with Jon’s choice to let the wildlings pass through the Wall, and Stannis is also displeased that Jon will not simply hand over the castles that belong to the Night’s Watch. Jon accepts that no matter what he does, powerful people and his brothers will see him as being in the wrong.
Martin introduces the theme of The Perils of Power and the Cost of Duty by showing each point-of-view character struggling to come to terms with the power they have. For the first time in her life, Daenerys has power in her own right. So far, she has used that power to lift up people like her, those who have been enslaved and downtrodden. Because she has dragons and daring, Daenerys has an opening to change the way society functions in Meereen and the other city-states around Slaver’s Bay.
Despite having agency as a queen in Slaver’s Bay, Daenerys finds that having power comes with constraints arising from her family history and gender. Daenerys has to remind herself constantly that she is “the blood of the dragon”—a Targaryen—as when she says, “the blood of the dragon does not weep” (35) when the Sons of the Harpy assassinate another of her followers. Daenerys can be emotional, tender-hearted even, but she has to suppress emotion and her desire to be loved and liked to pull off being a queen in Meereen. Her tokar, the elaborate and very uncomfortable garment she has to don each time she holds a royal audience, symbolizes how important it is that she look the part of a queen to hold the respect and authority so easily afforded a man in power.
The dragons are another symbol of her authority, but as the audience with people complaining of Drogon’s hunting habits makes clear, being powerful brings burdens and responsibilities Daenerys isn’t always prepared to take on. Drogon shows the dark side of being the “blood of the dragon,” which is that having extraordinary power can make a ruler dangerous to her people. Despite her idealistic notions of how to make life better for her subjects, Daenerys sometimes finds that she has to compromise or even go against her instincts. Drogon is a monster, as she readily admits, but she cannot kill him because he belongs to her and she needs him to maintain her hold on power. Daenerys talks about being the blood of the dragon, but some of her discomfort with power is her fear that she may misuse it. This fear makes her indecisive and passive while Meereen is slipping from her hands.
Jon is a character whose power is at its peak while Tyrion is a character whose power is seemingly on the descent, but both are people struggling with the implications of power. Both Jon and Tyrion are wrestling with The Weight of History and the Dangers of Prophecy. In a society where authority is hereditary and based on lineage, Jon is at a disadvantage because of the circumstances of his birth. The Night’s Watch is one of the few institutions that one’s birth should be of no consequence so long as one abides by one’s vow, but Jon’s men and Stannis believe there is something inherently untrustworthy about Jon because of his birth outside of wedlock. People above and below Jon’s status label him a “bustard” any time Jon exercises his power as the commander of the Night’s Watch to make unpopular decisions, such as letting more wildlings in or refusing to hand over more castles of the Night’s Watch to Stannis. In this and other books of the series, working around this mistrust makes Jon adaptable and creative. Using the wildlings to garrison the Night’s Watch castles is a creative solution to a knotty problem, which is to keep the North safe from the Others while still maintaining the Watch’s vowed neutrality. Another part of Jon’s difficulties is that the prophecy is unclear on what the Others are and how to confront them. Without this knowledge, Jon finds it hard to make the case for breaking traditions.
Tyrion is another character who struggles with the assumption that he is in some way “illegitimate.” He quips at one point that “[e]very dwarf is a bastard in his father’s eyes” (131), a witty but pained expression of what it feels like to grow up in a family and society that sees his size and appearance as marks of evil and illegitimacy. Out of all of Tywin Lannister’s children, however, Tyrion is most like his father. He is a keen observer of how power works and what makes people tick. He quickly picks up on who Young Griff purportedly is by paying attention to context and explicit speech, for example. Like Daenerys and Jon, Tyrion finds people underestimate him because of the circumstances of his birth. By playing into the assumption that he is powerless, Tyrion manages to survive and influence events around him. These are skills he has honed among the Lannisters, but they are not something that is a birthright.
Davos Seaworth is the only character in this section who has no lineage or weighty family history to live up to. Like Jon, he is all about fulfilling the role thrust on him—the Hand of a king in his case. When the lord at Sisterton taunts him by calling him “the onion knight” (145), Davos persists in making the case for Stannis. Davos derives strength from his common birth. He misses his luck—the bones from the fingers Stannis cut off as punishment for his piracy—because they remind him of the distance he has come. Davos is also one of the few true believers among these newly powerful people. He sincerely believes that Stannis is the true king of Westeros, based on what Stannis has accomplished and based on what Melisandre has prophesized. More than any of these other characters, he sees himself as a supporting player whose job it is to ensure that prophecies get fulfilled and the people are reminded of the weight of history as a positive force in the world.
For all of these characters, change and changing circumstances intervene in their efforts to get or keep power. Martin uses subsequent chapters to show that, despite their best efforts to fulfill the powerful roles assigned to them, these characters’ fates turn out far different than they hoped.
By George R. R. Martin